Opportunities and strategies to further reduce animal use for Leptospira vaccine potency testing

Walker, Angela; Srinivas, Geetha

doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2013.06.006

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The quality control tests required by the Chinese pharmacopoeia 31 for the final leptospirosis vaccine are listed in Table 3, along with specifications for safety and potency. Of note, potency is tested in European and North American countries by hamster vaccination and challenge, 95,96 although both guinea pigs and hamsters were instrumental in understanding the pathophysiology of lethal leptospirosis. 97 However, animal challenge method has been heavily criticized on the grounds of animal welfare.…”

Section: Immunogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…98 Furthermore, in vitro ELISAs were also developed to test the potency of US vaccines containing L. canicola, L. grippotyphosa, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, and L. pomona. 95 Nevertheless, similar or other alternative assays should still be revalidated in China due to differences in vaccine production and desired clinical outcomes. On the other hand, early biomarkers of adaptive and protective immunity would be valuable, and system immunology data from genomic and proteomic studies may facilitate the development of alternative assays.…”

Section: Immunogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human leptospirosis vaccines in China

2017

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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The present incidence of leptospirosis in China is significantly lower than past rates, although small localized outbreaks continue to occur in epidemic regions. Improvements in sanitation, as well as vaccination of high-risk populations, have played crucial roles in reducing the disease burden. Several types of human leptospirosis vaccines have been developed, including inactivated whole-cell, outer-envelope, and recombinant vaccines. Of these, only a multivalent inactivated leptospirosis vaccine is available in China, which was added to the Chinese Expanded Program on Immunization in 2007. However, this vaccine elicits serogroup-specific immunity, and serogroup epidemiology should continue to be monitored to enhance vaccine coverage and distribution. On the other hand, the efficiency of the inactivated vaccine should be further improved by optimizing the formulation, and by expanding the target population. More importantly, additional investments should be made to develop universal recombinant vaccines.

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Section: Immunogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Human leptospirosis vaccines in China

2017

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…The vaccine against leptospirosis is used for the active immunization of animals. It prevents the acute course of the disease, the death of animals, abortions, carriage of Leptospira (Adler, 2015;Balks et al, 2013;Walker and Srinivas, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leptospirosis is one of the most prevalent antropozoonotic infections in many countries of the world and in particular in Ukraine (Ukhovskyi et al, 2018). To date, there are over 250 leptospira serovars in 26 serogroups (Walker and Srinivas, 2013). Animals of different species suffer from leptospirosis: cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, goats, deer, foxes, arctic foxes, mink, dogs, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of immunogenic properties of experimental series of bivalent vaccine against Carnivorous leptospirosis in laboratory conditions

Babyuk

2019

J. Vet. Med. Biotechnol. Biosafety

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Leptospirosis is an infectious natural-focal disease of many species of animals and human with a wide range of clinical signs. The most common serovars causing leptospirosis in dogs are Icterohaemorrhagiae and Canicola. Analyzing the epizootic situation concerning leptospirosis of carnivores in Ukraine, employees of the Laboratory of Leptospirosis of Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences have developed and produced successively three series of bivalent inactivated vaccine against leptospirosis of carnivores, taking into account the etiological structure of the disease of this animal species. The paper presents the results of the study of three experimental series of inactivated polyvalent vaccine against leptospirosis of carnivores regarding: pH, sterility, residual amounts of inactivant, completeness of inactivation, harmlessness and immunogenic activity. It has been established that according to the indicators of sterility, completeness of inactivation, residual amount of inactivant, harmlessness and concentration of hydrogen ions, all three series of vaccine meet the requirements and norms of normative documentation. Intravenous administration of all three experimental series of the vaccine to the experimental rabbits provided the formation of specific anti-leptospirosis antibodies in the titers corresponding to the parameters of the immunogenicity norms established in the technical conditions of the drug.

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“…Due to the diversity of clinical signs, diagnosis is equally difficult for physicians. Vaccines have been developed for nearly a century [5], but they require an annual revaccination, are serovarrestricted [5,6] and tend to upset animal welfare companies for the sake of Golden Syrian Hamsters [9]. But Leptospira excel most in the art of mystery keeping.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reservoir rats

Villanueva

2014

Microbes and Infection

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Opportunities and strategies to further reduce animal use for Leptospira vaccine potency testing

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Human leptospirosis vaccines in China

Human leptospirosis vaccines in China

Study of immunogenic properties of experimental series of bivalent vaccine against Carnivorous leptospirosis in laboratory conditions

Reservoir rats

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