Opportunities for Biorenewables in Oil Refineries

Marker, Terry

doi:10.2172/861458

Cited by 93 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This is also claimed by Neste Oil [63], who states better GHG performance for HVO than transesterified lipids from the same feedstock, also supported by Marker et al [64]. Other studies claim similar performance of transesterified lipids and HVO [5].…”

Section: Ranking Of Transesterified Lipids Vs Hvosupporting

confidence: 60%

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Environmental Impacts and Costs of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils, Transesterified Lipids and Woody BTL—A Review

2011

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This article reviews and compares assessments of three biodiesel fuels: (1) transesterified lipids, (2) hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVO), and (3) woody biomass-to-liquid (BTL) Fischer-Tropsch diesel and selected feedstock options. The article attempts to rank the environmental performance and costs of fuel and feedstock combinations. Due to inter-study differences in goal and study assumptions, the ranking was mostly qualitative and intra-study results are emphasized. Results indicate that HVO made from wastes or by-products such as tall oil, tallow or used cooking oil outperforms transesterified lipids and BTL from woody material, both with respect to environmental life cycle impacts and costs. These feedstock options are, however, of limited availability, and to produce larger volumes of biofuels other raw materials must also be used. BTL from woody biomass seems promising with good environmental performance and the ability not to compete with food production. Production of biofuels from agricultural feedstock sources requires much energy and leads to considerable emissions due to agrochemical inputs. Thus, such biodiesel fuels are ranked lowest in this comparison. Production of feedstock is the most important life cycle stage. Avoiding detrimental land use changes and maintaining good agricultural or forestry management practices are the main challenges to ensure that biofuels can be a sustainable option for the future transport sector.

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Section: Ranking Of Transesterified Lipids Vs Hvosupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Around 0.35 million tons crude tall oil diesel could theoretically be produced. Crude tall oil is available at 100-400 USD/ton [64,121,122].…”

Section: Economic Assessment and Resource Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impacts and Costs of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oils, Transesterified Lipids and Woody BTL—A Review

2011

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“…The cost of a small hydrocracker system processing hydrotreated bio-oil has been estimated by UOP (Marker et al 2005). The large-diameter, high-pressure hydrotreater vessels are likely to be manufactured outside of the United States.…”

Section: Pyrolysis Oil Hydrotreating and Hydrocrackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All final processing of the stable oil to fuels occurs in the refinery. VTT and partners (Solantuasta 2006) and UOP (Marker et al 2005, Holmgren et al 2007 are separately pursuing producing bioproducts compatible with existing refinery infrastructure. This will lessen the initial investment; however, direct use of stable oil in a refinery requires complete deoxygenation and a low acid number to prevent corrosion.…”

Section: Co-location With a Refinerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Gasoline and Diesel from Biomass via Fast Pyrolysis, Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking: A Design Case

Jones¹,

Valkenburt²,

Walton³

et al. 2009

148

278

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“…The models currently assume that the stated "lipid content" is essentially 100% triglyceride, and thus ignores impurities that may be present such as phospholipids and nitrogen-containing impurities that could require additional cleanup. Additionally, hydrotreating process specifications such as hydrogen demand, pressure, and temperature are based on a compilation of literature studies for hydrotreating vegetable oils (primarily Marker et al 2005), and thus are currently independent of the specific oil characteristics such as degree of saturation. The cost for upgrading is based on a scaling-factor approach for a general hydrotreating plant (in general, the hydrotreating cost is not currently envisioned to present a large economic hurdle).…”

Section: Spent Biomass Utilization (Anaerobic Digestion)mentioning

confidence: 99%