Opportunities for biotechnology and policy regarding mycotoxin issues in international trade

Kendra, David F.; Dyer, Rex B.

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.036

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The regulations on “acceptable health risk” usually depend on a country’s level of economic development, extent of consumption of high-risk crops, and the susceptibility to contamination of crops to be regulated (Kendra & Dyer, 2007). Indeed, the established safe limit of AFs for human consumption ranges 4–30 μg/kg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative technologies to manage aflatoxins in foods and feeds and the profitability of application – A review

Udomkun¹,

et al. 2017

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Aflatoxins are mainly produced by certain strains of Aspergillus flavus, which are found in diverse agricultural crops. In many lower-income countries, aflatoxins pose serious public health issues since the occurrence of these toxins can be considerably common and even extreme. Aflatoxins can negatively affect health of livestock and poultry due to contaminated feeds. Additionally, they significantly limit the development of international trade as a result of strict regulation in high-value markets. Due to their high stability, aflatoxins are not only a problem during cropping, but also during storage, transport, processing, and handling steps. Consequently, innovative evidence-based technologies are urgently required to minimize aflatoxin exposure. Thus far, biological control has been developed as the most innovative potential technology of controlling aflatoxin contamination in crops, which uses competitive exclusion of toxigenic strains by non-toxigenic ones. This technology is commercially applied in groundnuts maize, cottonseed, and pistachios during pre-harvest stages. Some other effective technologies such as irradiation, ozone fumigation, chemical and biological control agents, and improved packaging materials can also minimize post-harvest aflatoxins contamination in agricultural products. However, integrated adoption of these pre- and post-harvest technologies is still required for sustainable solutions to reduce aflatoxins contamination, which enhances food security, alleviates malnutrition, and strengthens economic sustainability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative technologies to manage aflatoxins in foods and feeds and the profitability of application – A review

Udomkun¹,

et al. 2017

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“…Due to their relatively high contamination risk, decontamination methods for nuts are of great interest for economic and environmental reasons, as well as in public health (Ozilgen and Ozdemir, 2001;Richard et al, 1993). Improved post-harvest processing followed by further prevention of fungal growth is an effective way to restrict aflatoxin contamination and would have major impact on reducing health related risks and on production economics (Kendra and Dyer, 2007;Williams et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decontamination of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus spores on hazelnuts via atmospheric pressure fluidized bed plasma reactor

Dasan

Mutlu

Boyaci

2016

International Journal of Food Microbiology

119

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“…There are numerous reports about food contamination with T-2 toxin in different countries, this shows a wide range of occurrence from zero (9, 10) to 100 % (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Although, food contamination with mycotoxins in Iran has been investigated in several studies (16)(17)(18), measuring the amount of T-2 toxin has rarely been carried out which is a significant oversight (19,20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Occurrence of T-2 toxin in Cereals Destined for Human Consumption

Riazipour

Fooladi²,

Bagherpour

2012

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Our study suggested that the levels of mycotoxins in products should be detected before buying and be discarded from human consumptive cycle if the grains are contaminated more than allowable limit. Background: A variety of agricultural products are exposed to fungal contamination from the early stages of planting, until their final consumption. T-2 mycotoxin is toxic to humans and to all animal species, it is mainly produced by the various Fusarium species including; F. sporotrichioides, F. poae, F equiseti, and F. acuminatum, and occasionally by other genera species, therefore, measuring T-2 toxin levels is very important in cereals. Objectives: We examined the occurrence and levels of T-2 mycotoxin in grains for human consumption. Materials and Methods: Rice, barley and wheat samples, 23, 16 and 7 respectively, were collected from the staple stores of nine food cooking centers in Tehran. After pulverizing the samples, they were extracted using a methanol-water solution (70:30), then analysed with an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), based on the monoclonal antibodies, the amount of T-2 mycotoxin was measured in their extracts. Results: All of the tested samples were contaminated with T-2 toxin at different levels ranging from 7.9 to 65.9 µg/kg (mean: 17.9 ± 2.1). Wheat samples had the highest level of contamination at approximately 42.4 µg/kg (± 8.4). However, both barley and rice were also affected with contamination levels of 18.3 (±2) and 12.5 (± 0.56) µg/kg respectively. Conclusions: Although the majority of samples were based on Iranian national standards, a small number of specimens (13.9 %) were contaminated at higher than acceptable limits. The extent of the impurities with T-2 toxin is an indicator of the current normal prevalence of mycotoxins in agricultural products destined for human consumption in this country, and the risk of exposure to the chronic effects of this toxin. Overall, this study showed that the level of mycotoxins in food products should be checked before they are bought or consumed.

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Opportunities for biotechnology and policy regarding mycotoxin issues in international trade

Cited by 36 publications

References 18 publications

Innovative technologies to manage aflatoxins in foods and feeds and the profitability of application – A review

Innovative technologies to manage aflatoxins in foods and feeds and the profitability of application – A review

Decontamination of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus spores on hazelnuts via atmospheric pressure fluidized bed plasma reactor

A Survey on Occurrence of T-2 toxin in Cereals Destined for Human Consumption

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