Opportunities for Examining Child Health Impacts of Early-Life Nutrition in the ECHO Program: Maternal and Child Dietary Intake Data from Pregnancy to Adolescence

Bragg, Megan G.; Westlake, Matt; Alshawabkeh, Akram N.; Bekelman, Traci A.; Camargo, Carlos A.; Catellier, Diane J.; Comstock, Sarah S.; Dabelea, Dana; Dunlop, Anne L.; Hedderson, Monique M.; Hockett, Christine W.; Karagas, Margaret R.; Keenan, Kate; Kelly, Nichole R.; Kerver, Jean M.; MacKenzie, Debra; Mahabir, Somdat; Maldonado, Luis E.; McCormack, Lacey A.; Melough, Melissa M.; Mueller, Noel T.; Nelson, Morgan E.; O’Connor, Thomas G.; Oken, Emily; O’Shea, T Michael; Switkowski, Karen M.; Sauder, Katherine A.; Wright, Rosalind J.; Wright, Robert O.; Zhang, Xueying; Zhu, Yeyi; Lyall, Kristen

doi:10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102019

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 73 publications

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“…Furthermore, as an observational study, we are unable to assess the long-term impacts and changes of the gut microbiome both before and after pregnancy. A longitudinal study with a large sample size, such as the NIH Environmental Child Health Outcomes cohort, would allow us to determine whether our results were heavily influenced by short-term factors, like diet or exercise levels, compared to long-term factors, like BMI or medical history [ 71 , 72 ]. Future studies should also assess whether the microbial composition at the phylum level is associated with the pre-pregnancy BMI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Body Mass Index Associates with Prenatal Characteristics and Fecal Microbial Communities

Nel,

Haddad,

Kerver

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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The maternal microbiome plays a vital role in shaping pregnancy outcomes, but there remains a substantial gap in understanding its precise relationships to maternal health, particularly in relation to potential effects of body mass index (BMI) on gut microbial diversity. The aim of this observational study was to assess maternal characteristics in association with pre-pregnancy BMI and to further assess microbial diversity in association with specific maternal characteristics. Eighty-four pregnant women were recruited during their third trimester of pregnancy from various prenatal clinics across the state of Michigan. The participants completed an enrollment questionnaire including self-reported pre-pregnancy BMI; stool samples were collected to assess the fecal microbial community composition. Pre-pregnancy obesity (BMI 30+) was associated (univariably) with antibiotic use before pregnancy, ever smoked, lower education level, and being unmarried. The gut microbiota alpha diversity was significantly different for pregnant women by pre-pregnancy BMI category (normal, overweight, obese). The beta diversity was unique for the gut microbiotas of pregnant women within each BMI category, by education level, and by marital status. Multivariable models revealed that pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal education, marital status, and maternal age were associated with the microbial diversity of the gut microbiota during pregnancy. These results give new insight into the relationship between a woman’s microbiome during pregnancy and their prenatal health, along with an understanding of the relationships between socioeconomic factors and microbial diversity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Body Mass Index Associates with Prenatal Characteristics and Fecal Microbial Communities

Nel,

Haddad,

Kerver

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Prenatal Diet and Infant Growth From Birth to Age 24 Months

Hedderson,

Schuh,

Knapp

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceBeing born either small for gestational age (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) and experiencing rapid or slow growth after birth are associated with later-life obesity. Understanding the associations of dietary quality during pregnancy with infant growth may inform obesity prevention strategies.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations of prenatal dietary quality according to the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and the Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Pattern (EDIP) with infant size at birth and infant growth from birth to age 24 months.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from birthing parent–child dyads in 8 cohorts participating in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program between 2007 and 2021. Data were analyzed from March 2021 to August 2024.ExposuresThe HEI and the EDIP dietary patterns.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOutcomes of interest were infant birth weight, categorized as SGA, reference range, or LGA, and infant growth from birth to ages 6, 12, and 24 months, categorized as slow growth (weight-for-length z score [WLZ] score difference &lt;−0.67), within reference range (WLZ score difference −0.67 to 0.67), or rapid (WLZ score difference, &gt;0.67).ResultsThe study included 2854 birthing parent–child dyads (median [IQR] maternal age, 30 [25-34] years; 1464 [51.3%] male infants). The cohort was racially and ethnically diverse, including 225 Asian or Pacific Islander infants (7.9%), 640 Black infants (22.4%), 1022 Hispanic infants (35.8%), 664 White infants (23.3%), and 224 infants (7.8%) with other race or multiple races. A high HEI score (&gt;80), indicative of a healthier diet, was associated with lower odds of LGA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.88 [95% CI, 0.79-0.98]), rapid growth from birth to age 6 months (aOR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.37-0.94]) and age 24 months (aOR 0.82 [95% CI, 0.70- 0.96]), and slow growth from birth to age 6 months (aOR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.50-0.84]), 12 months (aOR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.65-0.83]), and 24 months (OR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.56-0.76]) compared with an HEI score 80 or lower. There was no association between high HEI and SGA (aOR, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.95-1.35]). A low EDIP score (ie, ≤63.6), indicative of a less inflammatory diet, was associated with higher odds of LGA (aOR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.13-1.36]) and rapid infant growth from birth to age 12 months (aOR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.18-1.91]) and lower odds of rapid growth to age 6 months (aOR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.71-0.83]), but there was no association with SGA (aOR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.51-1.25]) compared with an EDIP score of 63.6 or greater.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, a prenatal diet that aligned with the US Dietary Guidelines was associated with reduced patterns of rapid and slow infant growth, known risk factors associated with obesity. Future research should examine whether interventions to improve prenatal diet are also beneficial in improving growth trajectory in children.

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Exploring preliminary dietary intake results using a novel dietary assessment tool with pregnant participants enrolled in a birth cohort

Santarossa,

Redding,

Connell

et al. 2024

BMC Res Notes

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Objective We aimed to describe preliminary dietary intake results using DietID™ for dietary assessment during pregnancy. A sub-sample of participants in the Research Enterprise to Advance Children’s Health (REACH) prospective birth cohort from Detroit, MI received a unique web link to complete the DietID™ assessment multiple times during pregnancy. We present results for the first dietary assessment completed during pregnancy by each participant. DietID™ uses an image-based algorithm to estimate nutrient intake, dietary patterns, and diet quality and provides immediate results to participants. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics, nutrient intakes, dietary patterns, diet quality, and participant-rated accuracy of individual dietary assessment results. Differences in diet parameters were assessed by participant race with an independent t-test. Results Participants (n = 84) identified as majority Black (n = 47; 56%), reflective of the source population. Mean (SD) maternal age and gestational age at dietary assessment were 32 (5.6) years and 14.3 (4.8) weeks, respectively. Mean dietary quality, as reported in the DietID™ data output as the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), was 68 (range 12–98; higher scores indicate higher diet quality) and varied significantly between Black (mean [SD] 61 [23]) and White (mean [SD] 81 [19]) race (p < 0.01). Mean participant-rated accuracy of individual dietary assessment results was high at 87% on a scale of 0-100% (“not quite right” to “perfect”; range 47–100%).

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Opportunities for Examining Child Health Impacts of Early-Life Nutrition in the ECHO Program: Maternal and Child Dietary Intake Data from Pregnancy to Adolescence

Cited by 5 publications

References 73 publications

Maternal Body Mass Index Associates with Prenatal Characteristics and Fecal Microbial Communities

Maternal Body Mass Index Associates with Prenatal Characteristics and Fecal Microbial Communities

Prenatal Diet and Infant Growth From Birth to Age 24 Months

Exploring preliminary dietary intake results using a novel dietary assessment tool with pregnant participants enrolled in a birth cohort

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