“…In the case of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF, commonly referred to as Fused Deposition Modelling or FDM), this le instructs the printer to extrude loaded thermoplastic laments into the CAD design, layer by layer. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The cost of additive manufacturing technology has reduced over the years where one can easily buy a reliable, robust but yet, high-performance FFF printer for under 500 GBP which greatly extends the use within academic and industrial research groups. FFF has signicant advantages such as: short lead times, low cost production runs, low waste production in comparison to subtractive manufacturing approaches, the ability to produce complex geometries which can be customized and can provide on-site manufacturing via global connectivity.…”