Opportunities for restoring indigenous forest in New Zealand

Dymond, J. R.; Ausseil, Anne-Gäelle; Kirschbaum, Miko U.F.; Carswell, Fiona E.; Mason, Norman W. H.

doi:10.1080/03036758.2012.736393

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…New Zealand’s endemic species are very unique, with significant government funds dedicated to conservation. 13 This reflects significant public interest in protecting indigenous species, as illustrated by past nonmarket valuation studies (Dymond et al 2013; Tait et al 2017; Yao et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-offs between indigenous forest and exotic production forest in New Zealand

Walsh

Soliman

Daigneault

2023

Agric. Resour. Econom. Rev.

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With its varied landscape of hills and mountains, New Zealand has an abundance of marginal land on its slopes. This land is currently used in a variety of enterprises, such as pasture and farmland. However, marginal land is typically associated with higher rates of erosion, shallow topsoil, expensive fencing, and other issues like livestock deaths from falls. There is currently interest in deploying these marginal lands to different uses to align with several environmental and production-related goals. This paper contributes to the discussion on marginal land by exploring three different scenarios related to afforestation in the Manawatu catchment area. To analyze these scenarios, we bring together several complex and spatially explicit data sets which are linked using economic modeling tools and benefits transfer methods. The combination of these tools and data sets allows us to produce several important quantitative and qualitative outputs. Where possible, quantitative predictions are monetized, allowing a benefit-cost analysis of the proposed scenarios.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-offs between indigenous forest and exotic production forest in New Zealand

Walsh

Soliman

Daigneault

2023

Agric. Resour. Econom. Rev.

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“…The recent focus on ecosystem services research has yielded studies exploring the optimisation of land use to provide for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision (e.g. de Groot et al 2010;Schneiders et al 2012;Dymond et al 2013), trade-offs between these objectives and commodity production (e.g. Nelson et al 2009;Balbi et al 2015;Cordingley et al 2016) and the development of tools to facilitate these assessments (e.g.…”

Section: First-steps Towards a Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than a ‘nice to have’: integrating indigenous biodiversity into agroecosystems in New Zealand

Maseyk¹,

Dominati²,

Mackay³

et al. 2019

NZJE

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Globally, biodiversity is declining due to increasing populations and land use pressures associated with development-induced land conversion, resource use, and food production. In New Zealand, a considerable proportion of remaining indigenous biodiversity occurs on farmland in private ownership outside of the public conservation land. Therefore, coordinated actions on-farm are required to increase the opportunities to achieve biodiversity outcomes beyond the boundaries of the protected area network and increase farm sustainability and resilience. Increasing biodiversity on-farm can be achieved by enhancing existing biodiversity or through reintroducing structural diversity (e.g. planting of indigenous species and excluding livestock to prevent treading and grazing and allow natural regeneration to occur). Successful integration of biodiversity into decisionmaking on-farm requires explicitly accounting for biodiversity considerations in farm planning and design. A key requirement for this integration to succeed is for current land evaluation and farm planning processes to recognise indigenous species as a mechanism for increasing the sustainability and resilience of the farm business. Recognition of the functional value of biodiversity to the farm system is a step beyond the protection of remnant areas of bush or wetland for conservation alone. In this paper, we propose embedding the natural capital and ecosystem services approach into the farm planning process to quantify and value both the on-and off-farm benefits associated with indigenous biodiversity. This approach enables the inclusion of the previously excluded regulating and cultural services alongside provisioning services in the analysis of the farm accounts. Learning from and applying Matauranga Maori is pivotal to achieving this goal. We use the established principles of land evaluation in farm planning in New Zealand to provide a conceptual illustration of a potential pathway to operationalise this shift. Our approach recognises that indigenous biodiversity contributes to a wide range of benefits including cultural, environmental, social, and economic values, of which conservation is just one, albeit an important, outcome.

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“…The upper Wairua catchment, which is near Whangarei city, is a typical managed ecosystem (for agriculture) where the original indigenous forest has been cleared and wetlands drained for pastoral agriculture and some production forestry [3]. Wood, food, and fibre production is high, but this has put pressure on the environment: waterways are turbid from increased soil erosion [4]; levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and Escherichia coli in rivers are high [5,6]; greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture are high [7]; natural forest habitat and Land 2023, 12, 1482 2 of 14 wetland habitat for fish are minimal [8,9]; and the flooding of the floodplain is increasing with climate change. Consequently, the Living Water partnership [10] between Fonterra, a large dairy company, and the Department of Conservation is searching for solutions to improve this apparent imbalance between nature (i.e., natural ecosystems and their ecosystem services) and agriculture in the upper Wairua catchment, as a case study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for Balance between Hill Country Pastoral Farming and Nature

Dymond

Daigneault

Burge

et al. 2023

Land

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Much land has been cleared of indigenous forest for pastoral agriculture worldwide. In New Zealand, the clearance of indigenous forest on hill country has resulted in high food production, but waterways have become turbid, with high nutrient and E. coli concentrations. A range of on-farm mitigations are available, but it is unclear how they should be applied catchment-wide. We have developed a catchment-scale model that integrates economics with ecosystem services to find a better balance between agriculture and nature. In the upper Wairua catchment, Northland, if three actions are prioritised—(1) keeping stock out of streams, (2) constructing flood retention bunds in first-order catchments, and (3) planting trees on highly erodible land—then sediment loads, E. coli levels, and flooding are significantly reduced. Implementing these actions would cost approximately 10% of catchment net revenue, so it is feasible with a combination of regulation and subsidy. Many catchments in New Zealand are primarily pastoral agriculture, as in other countries (in North and South America, Australasia, and the United Kingdom), and would benefit from the analysis presented here to guide development along sustainable pathways. While pastoral agriculture typically stresses waterways, with increased sedimentation and freshwater contaminants, much can be done to mitigate these effects with improved farm and riparian management.

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Opportunities for restoring indigenous forest in New Zealand

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Trade-offs between indigenous forest and exotic production forest in New Zealand

Trade-offs between indigenous forest and exotic production forest in New Zealand

More than a ‘nice to have’: integrating indigenous biodiversity into agroecosystems in New Zealand

Searching for Balance between Hill Country Pastoral Farming and Nature

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