Opportunities of Ionomer Development for Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

Mardle, Peter; Chen, Binyu; Holdcroft, Steven

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01040

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…83,98,124,125,132,[144][145][146][147][148] This optimization is based on a trade-off between having enough ionomer to provide adhesion and ionic conductivity, and not having so much that catalyst active sites are blocked or catalyst particles are electronically isolated. 28 Ideal ionomer loading is systemdependent, however, and will likely be affected by the ionomer properties, the electrode, and the operating conditions, as will be discussed in more depth in Section 4.2.…”

Section: Ionomer Content and Catalyst/ionomer Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be addressed through tuning of polymer properties to decrease water uptake and/or increase the elastic modulus. 28 Other degradation mechanisms are related to reactions between the ionomer and the electrolyte 1,148,149 and catalyst materials. 1,54,110,150 In a study on degradation in AEMFC devices, Diesendruck and Dekel found that the low-hydration environment present at the cathode led to non-solvated OH À with increased nucleophilicity and ability to degrade the ionomer.…”

Section: Ionomer Content and Catalyst/ionomer Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent progress in understanding the catalyst layer in anion exchange membrane electrolyzers – durability, utilization, and integration

Volk,

Kreider,

Kwon

et al. 2024

EES. Catal.

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Section: Ionomer Content and Catalyst/ionomer Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ionomer Content and Catalyst/ionomer Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in understanding the catalyst layer in anion exchange membrane electrolyzers – durability, utilization, and integration

Volk,

Kreider,

Kwon

et al. 2024

EES. Catal.

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“…Finally, water uptake can also have an impact on stability as reduction in ionomer swelling can reduce adhesion to the catalyst layer, as summarized in a review by Holdcroft and co-workers. [4] These observations highlight the necessity of being able to control the water uptake of the anion exchange ionomers, for which several strategies have been proposed. For example, Zeng et al synthesized a poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride) and showed that the degree of swelling can be tuned by controlling the heat treatment process.…”

Section: Water Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[63] As suggested by Mardle et al, standardization of this procedure could provide a quick ex situ way to screen ionomers for adhesiveness. [4]…”

Section: Physical Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a more focused discussion of AEM electrolyzers, we direct the reader to a recent review by Holdcroft and co-workers. [4] As this review will show, some of their conclusions in the context of electrolyzers are also applicable to fuel cells, mainly the importance of developing ex situ techniques, to be able to study in isolation: i) the binding ability of the ionomer with the catalyst, ii) the role of AEI morphology and distribution on the device performance, and iii) specific ionomer-catalyst interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anion Exchange Ionomers: Design Considerations and Recent Advances ‐ An Electrochemical Perspective

Favero,

Stephens,

Titirci

2023

Advanced Materials

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Alkaline‐based electrochemical devices, such as anion exchange membrane fuel cells and electrolysers, are receiving increasing attention. However, while the catalysts and membrane have been methodically studied, the ionomer has been largely overlooked. In fact, most of the studies in alkaline electrolytes have been conducted using the commercial proton exchange ionomer Nafion. The ionomer does not only provide ionic conductivity, but it is essential for gas transport and water management, as well as controlling the mechanical stability and the morphology of the catalyst layer. Moreover, the ionomer has distinct requirement that differ from those of anion‐exchange membranes, such as a high gas permeability, and that depend on the specific electrode, such as water management. As a result, it is necessary to tailor the ionomer structure to the specific application, in isolation and as part of the catalyst layer. In this review, we will provide an overview of the current state of the art for anion exchange ionomers, summarizing their specific requirements and limitations in the context of AEM electrolysers and fuel cells.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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All‐Aromatic Polymer‐Based Anion Conductive Ionomers with Different Ion Exchange Capacities for Water Electrolysis

Nara,

Tomita,

Nagasawa

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is vital for efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost‐effective hydrogen production. Herein, fluorene‐based polymers containing alkyl ammonium groups with different ion exchange capacities (IECs) for use in anion exchange membranes (AEMs) and anion exchange ionomers (AEIs) are investigated. Among the AEMs tested, the AEM with an IEC of 2.2 meq g−1 shows the highest anion conductivity because of its efficient water uptake characteristics. The anode catalyst layers utilize AEIs and iridium oxide catalyst particles. It is essential to select AEIs with appropriate IEC and suitable solvents for high‐performance anodes in water electrolyzers. Morphological and physical property evaluations reveal that moderate hydrophilicity and suppression of water swelling of AEIs improve water electrolysis performance. The optimized catalyst layer achieves better water electrolysis performance (2.64 V, 1.8 A cm−2 at 30 °C) than the conventional catalyst layer (3.83 V, 1.8 A cm−2 at 30 °C). Although the water electrolysis performance in this study falls short of the final targets, further research on anion conductive polymers and catalyst layers, based on this study's findings, is expected to promote practical applications of AEMWEs.

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Opportunities of Ionomer Development for Anion-Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

Cited by 36 publications

References 119 publications

Recent progress in understanding the catalyst layer in anion exchange membrane electrolyzers – durability, utilization, and integration

Recent progress in understanding the catalyst layer in anion exchange membrane electrolyzers – durability, utilization, and integration

Anion Exchange Ionomers: Design Considerations and Recent Advances ‐ An Electrochemical Perspective

All‐Aromatic Polymer‐Based Anion Conductive Ionomers with Different Ion Exchange Capacities for Water Electrolysis

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