Opportunities to improve sustainability of alkali-activated materials: A review of side-stream based activators

Adesanya, Elijah; Perumal, Priyadharshini; Luukkonen, Tero; Yliniemi, Juho; Ohenoja, Katja; Kinnunen, Päivö; Illikainen, Mirja

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125558

Cited by 96 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…The use of lithium chloride as a grinding aid as well as alkali activators (e.g., sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solution) results in higher resource consumption from the production of such chemicals. One can mitigate these issues by sourcing alkalis from underutilized waste to avoid the need for primary alkali productions in the system [45]. The other cause is due to the definition of the functional unit for this study.…”

Section: Simulation Of Grinding Process and Life-cycle Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Mechanochemically Activated Sulfidic Mining Waste Rock for Alkali Activation

Niu

Adrianto

Escobar

et al. 2021

J. Sustain. Metall.

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Sulfidic mining waste rock is a side stream from the mining industry with a potential environmental burden. Alkali activation is a promising method for transforming mining waste into construction materials. However, the low reactivity of minerals can be a sizeable challenge in alkali activation. In the present study, the reactivity of waste rock was enhanced by mechanochemical treatment with a LiCl-containing grinding aid. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) analysis were utilized to display the structural alteration of individual minerals. A schematic implication of the grinding mechanism of mica was provided according to the results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The alkaline solubility displayed the enhanced chemical reactivity of the waste rock, in which Si and Al solubility increased by roughly 10 times and 40 times, respectively. The amorphization of aluminosilicate is achieved through chemical assisted mechanochemical activation. Sulfidic waste rock, as the sole precursor in alkali activation, achieved a 28-day compressive strength exceeding 10 MPa under ambient curing conditions. The simulation of the upscaled grinding process was conducted via the HSC Chemistry® software with a life-cycle assessment. The results showed that mining waste rock can be a promising candidate for geopolymer production with a lower carbon footprint, compared to traditional Portland cement. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Simulation Of Grinding Process and Life-cycle Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Mechanochemically Activated Sulfidic Mining Waste Rock for Alkali Activation

Niu

Adrianto

Escobar

et al. 2021

J. Sustain. Metall.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Geopolymers can become eco-efficient binders for civil construction if sourced from local raw materials (ABDULKAREEM et al, 2021;ADESANYA et al, 2021;PROVIS, 2018). According to Singh, Kumar and Rai (2020), any residuals that contain aluminosilicates, when treated with alkaline solutions, can produce geopolymer cement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding activators, sodium and potassium silicates and hydroxides are the most used (ADESANYA et al, 2021;DAVIDOVITS, 2017). The synthesis with sodium solutions having lower cost, wide availability, and low viscosity (PROVIS;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of glass waste in the production of metakaolin-based geopolymer submitted to room temperature and thermal curing

et al. 2022

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Metakaolinis the principal raw material utilized in the synthesis of geopolymers, although its ratio of silica and alumina contents is not ideal. Normally, the SiO2 content is adjusted with the use of silicates present in the activating solution. An eco-efficient alternative would be the use of glass waste as an additional source of silica.This work evaluates the efficiency of the alkaline activation of metakaolin, using potassium hydroxide and silicate, with and without the substitution of 12.5% of metakaolin by microparticles of glass. The efficiency of the alkaline activation was evaluated by X ray diffractometry, spectroscopy in the infrared region with the Fourier transform, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 27Al and 29Si, specific mass and compressive strength. The results indicate the occurrence of geopolymerization with and without the use of glass waste. It was observed that the substitution of 12.5% favors the mechanical performance of the compounds at 28 days, with increases by 37% and 47% in the mechanical strength of the material with thermal curing and ambient temperature curing, respectively.

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“…Alkali-activated slag cement (AASC) has attracted significant attention as an eco-friendly material compared to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Many studies have shown that AASC has high strength and durability [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. AASC is widely applicable in various members of construction, and aerated concrete is one of them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characteristics of Aerated Alkali-Activated Slag Cement Mixed with Zinc Powder

2021

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Experiments on the development and properties of aerated concrete based on alkali-activated slag cement (AASC) and using Zn powder (ZP) as a gas agent were carried out. The experiments were designed for water-binding material (w/b) ratios of 0.35 and 0.45, curing temperatures of 23 ± 2 °C and 40 ± 2 °C, and ZP of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.0%. ZP generates hydrogen (H2) gas in AASC to form pores. At a w/b of 0.35, the curing temperature had little effect on the pore size by ZP. However, a w/b of 0.45 showed a clear correlation that the pore diameter increased as the curing temperature increased. The low w/b of 0.35 showed a small change in the pore size according to the curing temperature due to the faster setting time than 0.45 and the increased viscosity of the paste. Therefore, at a termination time exceeding at least 60 min and a w/b of 0.45 or more, it was possible to increase the size and expansion force of the pores formed by the ZP through the change of the curing temperature. ZP showed applicability to the manufacture of AASC-based aerated concrete, and the characteristics of foaming according to the curing temperature, w/b ratio, and ZP concentration were confirmed.

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Opportunities to improve sustainability of alkali-activated materials: A review of side-stream based activators

Cited by 96 publications

References 166 publications

Potential of Mechanochemically Activated Sulfidic Mining Waste Rock for Alkali Activation

Potential of Mechanochemically Activated Sulfidic Mining Waste Rock for Alkali Activation

Use of glass waste in the production of metakaolin-based geopolymer submitted to room temperature and thermal curing

Development and Characteristics of Aerated Alkali-Activated Slag Cement Mixed with Zinc Powder

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