Opportunity costs: Who really pays for conservation?

Adams, Vanessa M.; Pressey, Robert L.; Naidoo, Robin

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.11.011

Cited by 174 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Nestes estudos, o valor da terra e o valor de produção, principais renúncias financeiras do proprietário ao cumprir a legislação ambiental, são os fatores mais comumente computados (IGARI et al, 2009, ADAMS et al, 2010. Isto faz sentido, se considerarmos que o valor da terra está diretamente relacionado com o aproveitamento permitido e a liberdade de uso que ela propicia ao proprietário/explorador (DEMÉTRIO, ANDRADE, 2008).…”

Section: Relação Entre Fatores Econômicos E Ecológicos E O Cumprimentunclassified

Determinantes da decisão de manter áreas protegidas em terras privadas: o caso das reservas legais do Estado de São Paulo

Marques

Ranieri

2012

Ambient. soc.

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Frente ao debate atual que cerca a legislação florestal brasileira, o presente artigo explora a correlação entre variáveis econômicas e a proporção de áreas protegidas instituídas em terras privadas, as reservas legais, nos municípios do estado de São Paulo. Sua principal contribuição é apontar que argumentos utilizados para justificar o descumprimento e embasar alterações às regras de proteção ambiental vigentes, não se sustentam.
Considering the contemporary debate on themes involving the Brazilian forest legislation, the present article explore correlations between economics factors and the variation in the proportion of protect areas on private ownerships, legal reserve, across the municipal districts of a Brazilian Stated, Sao Paulo. The main finding of the study is point that main argument used to explain the noncompliance to the law and change the valid environmental legislation, was not support

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Section: Relação Entre Fatores Econômicos E Ecológicos E O Cumprimentunclassified

Determinantes da decisão de manter áreas protegidas em terras privadas: o caso das reservas legais do Estado de São Paulo

Marques

Ranieri

2012

Ambient. soc.

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“…Further, even accurate estimates of monetary opportunity costs are not always indicative of the socio-economic costs to local populations, for instance in areas where the main activity is subsistence farming [19].…”

Section: Methods (A) Protected Area Expansion By 2020mentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic and ecological impacts of global protected area expansion plans

Visconti

Bakkenes

Smith

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Studies have outlined a myriad of costs associated with the implementation of conservation projects (Armsworth et al 2011, Schneider et al 2011, Adams et al 2010, Jankte and Schneider 2009, Naidoo et al 2009. , provides a comprehensive list of costs associated with conservation programs including acquisition costs, management costs, transaction costs, damage costs and opportunity costs.…”

Section: Determining Project Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measured in this way, opportunity costs arise from reduced agricultural production, lost recreational opportunities, loss of competing species or habitat, increased human conflicts and other forgone uses of the conserved land (Armsworth et al 2011, Schneider et al 2011, Adams et al 2010, Jankte and Schneider 2009, Naidoo et al 2009, Naidoo and Adamowicz 2006, Naidoo and Ricketts 2006. For example, conservation projects may decrease the amount of agricultural commodities grown or restrict access of tourists who will no longer spend their money in the region and these forgone values must be factored as a cost.…”

Section: Determining Project Costsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assignment of measurable costs and benefits to wildlife conservation projects

et al. 2013

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Success of biodiversity conservation projects is determined by a suite of biological and economic factors. Donor and public understanding of the economic factors is becoming increasingly central to the longevity of funding for conservation efforts. Unlike typical economic evaluation, many costs and benefits related to conservation efforts are realized in diverse and non--monetary terms. We identify the types of benefits and costs that are assigned to biodiversity projects and examine a number of well--developed and some new techniques that economists use to convert benefits and costs into monetary values so that they may be compared in a common metric. Commonly costs are more readily identified than benefits, with financial project costs the most frequently reported and to a much lesser extent, opportunity and damage costs. Additionally, costs have been recognized as being largely spatially dependent while benefits have not received this same distinction. Opportunity costs have been largely absent from many conservation project analyses likely overstating the returns to project investment. Most current evaluation methodologies focus mainly on costs and rely primarily on cost--effectiveness analysis more commonly than cost--benefit analysis, resulting from the difficultly in measuring benefits. Movement toward the measurement of the benefits and costs of conservation efforts is urged throughout most of the literature. Improvements to the determination of conservation project returns can be made through the incorporation of spatial considerations of economic impacts which includes regional economic analysis.

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Opportunity costs: Who really pays for conservation?

Cited by 174 publications

References 48 publications

Determinantes da decisão de manter áreas protegidas em terras privadas: o caso das reservas legais do Estado de São Paulo

Determinantes da decisão de manter áreas protegidas em terras privadas: o caso das reservas legais do Estado de São Paulo

Socio-economic and ecological impacts of global protected area expansion plans

Assignment of measurable costs and benefits to wildlife conservation projects

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