Opposing effects of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on blood lipids in healthy humans

Tricon, Sabine; Burdge, Graham C.; Kew, Samantha; Banerjee, T.; Russell, Jennifer J.; Jones, E. Linn; Grimble, Robert F.; Williams, Christine M.; Yaqoob, Parveen; Calder, Philip C.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/80.3.614

Cited by 260 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…According to our analysis, consumption of foods enriched in CLA and CLA supplements has favourable effects on LDL-C level. Some studies, in agreement with our results, showed that a mixture of CLA isomers decreased LDL-C level significantly in healthy adults (12,34,39,41) . Noone et al (23) observed that the daily intake of 3 g CLA supplement (50:50 and 80:20) decreased LDL-C levels non-significantly in CLA groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Mean and standard deviation for TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TAG before and after placebo or CLA consumption were extracted. Data from the following studies were not extracted: four studies without complete data for analysis (35)(36)(37)(38) , four studies without a placebo group (32,(39)(40)(41) , one study that considered special polymorphisms (PPARγ2, Pro12Ala) of healthy adults (42) , one study done on adolescents (43) and participants of three studies had signs of metabolic syndrome or borderline hyperlipidaemia (44)(45)(46) . Complete information about excluded studies is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Publication bias was not significant (Egger's test P value = 0·18). (41) Forty-nine males, healthy normalweight…”

Section: Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation and Tagmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of foods enriched in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and CLA supplements with lipid profile in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Derakhshande-Rishehri

Mansourian

Kelishadi

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The present study aimed to review the association of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) consumption in two forms, foods enriched in CLA and CLA supplements, with serum lipid profile in human studies. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Setting: Search process was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus and Science Direct. Clinical trials that investigated the association of CLA intakes either in the form of supplements or enriched foods with lipid profile in healthy adults were included. All outcomes were recorded as continuous variables, and the effect size was measured by analysis of the mean and standard deviation before and after the intervention for case and control groups. Subjects: Healthy adult population. Results: CLA supplementation was associated with a significant decrease in LDL cholesterol (mean difference = − 0·218; 95 % CI − 0·358, − 0·077; P = 0·002), a nonsignificant decrease in HDL cholesterol (mean difference = − 0·051; 95 % CI − 0·188, 0·086; P = 0·468), a non-significant increase in total cholesterol (mean difference = 0·009; 95 % CI − 0·128, 0·146; P = 0·896) and a non-significant decrease in TAG (mean difference = − 0·065; 95 % CI − 0·20, 0·07; P = 0·344). Foods enriched with CLA were associated with significantly decreased LDL cholesterol (mean difference = − 0·231; 95 % CI − 0·438, − 0·024; P = 0·028), non-significantly increased HDL-C (mean difference = 0·075; 95 % CI − 0·121, 0·270; P = 0·455), non-significantly decreased total cholesterol (mean difference = − 0·158; 95 % CI − 0·349, 0·042; P = 0·124) and non-significantly decreased TAG (mean difference = − 0·078; 95 % CI − 0·274, 0·117; P = 0·433). Conclusions: According to our analysis, consumption of foods enriched with CLA or CLA supplements has favourable effects on LDL cholesterol levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of foods enriched in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and CLA supplements with lipid profile in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Derakhshande-Rishehri

Mansourian

Kelishadi

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Interestingly, there is no clear dose-response relationship in the relative hyperlipidemic properties of trans-10, cis-12 CLA and hypolipidemic properties of cis-9,trans-11 CLA in humans 24 , suggesting that this influence could be exerted even at low doses 24 . Moreover, in apolipoprotein E knockout mice, supplementation with trans-10,cis-12 CLA had a profound pro-atherogenic effect, whereas cis-9,trans-11 CLA impeded the development of atherosclerosis 64 .…”

Section: Metabolic Effects Of Conjugated Linoleic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and obesity

Silveira

Carraro

Monereo

et al. 2007

Public Health Nutr.

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Background: The term conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to several positional and geometric conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid (LA), of which the trans-10,cis-12 isomer has been reported to reduce adiposity and increase lean mass in mice and other animals when included at #1% of the diet. However, most dietary CLA in humans is obtained from dairy products, accounting for the cis-9,trans-11 CLA isomer, also known as rumenic acid, for more than 90% of the total CLA intake. Commercial CLA preparations industrially produced, containing trans-10,cis-12 and cis-9,trans-11 CLA isomers in diverse proportions, are attracting consumers' interest because of the purported body fat-lowering effects of CLA, coupled to the perception of a 'natural' compound devoid of harmful effects. Nevertheless, despite numerous studies on CLA effects on body composition for nearly a decade, the mechanisms by which CLA isomers elicit their effects remain largely unknown. The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated review of the studies performed on animals and humans, as well as to describe the potential mechanisms involved in CLA effects on body weight and composition and metabolism. Method: Literature review. Results: Experiments in humans have not been able to show a significant effect on body weight, body composition or weight regain related to either of the CLA isomers. In fact, some studies suggest a tendency towards a decrease in body fat mass and an increase in body lean mass, while some others raise concern about the possibility of deleterious effects of trans-10,cis-12 CLA on lipid profile, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Conclusions: Evidence regarding effectiveness of CLA in humans is not concluding.

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“…In humans, Tricon et al (2004) reported that encapsulated RA (0.6-2.4 g/day) decreased the ratio of total cholesterol (TC):high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol while the 18:2 trans-10, cis-12 isomer had opposite effects. On the other hand, Desroches et al (2005) detected no beneficial metabolic effects of a 10-fold CLA mixture enrichment of butter fat in overweight and obese men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse effects of conjugated alpha-linolenic acids (CLnA) on lipoprotein profile on experimental atherosclerosis in hamsters

Plourde

Ledoux²,

Grégoire³

et al. 2007

Animal

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Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) such as rumenic acid (RA) have the potential to alter blood lipid profiles in animals and in humans. In contrast, physiological effects of conjugated a-linolenic acids (CLnAs), which concomitantly are omega-3 and conjugated fatty acids, are still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of CLnA to interfere in early steps of atherosclerosis by altering lipoprotein profiles and fatty streaks in the aortas. F 1 B hamsters were fed a control or one of the three hypercholesterolemic (HC) diets: HC-control, HC-RA (18:2 cis-9, trans-11) or HC-CLnA (CLnA: equimolar mixture of 18:3 cis-9, trans-11, cis-15 and cis-9, trans-13, cis-15) diet. In low-cholesterol control-fed hamsters, the proportion of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was around 45% while in HC-fed hamsters, HDL-C was around 10% and cholesterol was mostly (80%) carried by triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) triglycerides (TGs) increased by approximately 60% in hamsters fed either HC-RA or HC-CLnA compared with HC-controls but not compared with the low-cholesterol control diet. HDL cholesterol decreased by 24% and 16% in hamsters fed HC-RA and HC-CLnA, respectively. Small dense LDLcholesterol increased by approximately 60% in hamsters fed HC-RA and HC-CLnA compared with the HC-control group and by more than a 100% compared with hamsters on the control diet. The relative percentage of liver cholesteryl ester content increased by 88% in hamsters fed HC diets compared with the control diet. Significant differences in fatty streaks were observed between control and HC-diet-fed hamsters. However, no significant difference was observed among the HC-diet-fed hamsters. This study shows that animals fed any one of the HC diets developed an adverse lipoprotein profile compared with a normolipidic diet. Also, HC-RA or HC-CLnA diets altered lipoprotein profile compared with animals fed the HC-control diet but had no beneficial effects on atherosclerosis.

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Opposing effects of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on blood lipids in healthy humans

Abstract: Divergent effects of cis-9,trans-11 CLA and trans-10,cis-12 CLA appear on the blood lipid profile in healthy humans: trans-10,cis-12 CLA increases LDL:HDL cholesterol and total:HDL cholesterol, whereas cis-9,trans-11 CLA decreases them.

Cited by 260 publications

References 26 publications

Association of foods enriched in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and CLA supplements with lipid profile in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Association of foods enriched in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and CLA supplements with lipid profile in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and obesity

Adverse effects of conjugated alpha-linolenic acids (CLnA) on lipoprotein profile on experimental atherosclerosis in hamsters

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