1996
DOI: 10.1101/gad.10.18.2265
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Opposing pairs of serine protein kinases and phosphatases transmit signals of environmental stress to activate a bacterial transcription factor.

Abstract: The general stress response of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis is governed by a signal transduction network that regulates activity of the orb transcription factor. We show that this network comprises two partner-switching modules, RsbX-RsbS-RsbT and RsbU-RsbV-RsbW, which contribute to regulating or B. Each module consists of a phosphatase (X or U), an antagonist protein (S or V), and a switch protein/kinase (T or W). In the downstream module, the W anti-or factor is the primary regulator of orb activity. If t… Show more

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Cited by 278 publications
(506 citation statements)
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“…The functions of the microbial PPMs that have been characterized include regulation of spore formation, stress response, cell density during stationary phase, carbon and nitrogen assimilation, vegetative growth, development of fruiting bodies and cell segregation (Beuf et al, 1994;Duncan et al, 1995;Gaidenko et al, 2002;Irmler & Forchhammer, 2001;Rajagopal et al, 2003;Shi et al, 1999;Treuner-Lange et al, 2001;Yang et al, 1996). It is notable that most bacterial species containing relatively large numbers of PPMencoding genes, such as Anabaena sp.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The functions of the microbial PPMs that have been characterized include regulation of spore formation, stress response, cell density during stationary phase, carbon and nitrogen assimilation, vegetative growth, development of fruiting bodies and cell segregation (Beuf et al, 1994;Duncan et al, 1995;Gaidenko et al, 2002;Irmler & Forchhammer, 2001;Rajagopal et al, 2003;Shi et al, 1999;Treuner-Lange et al, 2001;Yang et al, 1996). It is notable that most bacterial species containing relatively large numbers of PPMencoding genes, such as Anabaena sp.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Other examples of serine phosphorylation involves cognate pairs of kinases and phosphatases that regulate stress responses in Bacillus subtilis (5). Interestingly, although these serine kinases are homologous to the two-component histidine kinases (6), SpoIIE, which regulates sporulation in B. subtilis, is homologous to eukaryotic-type protein phosphatases (7).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…B , identified in sporulating Bacillus subtilis, is the first member of the alternate factors to be reported in prokaryotes (20,21). Much has been learnt recently about the regulation of expression of the sigB operon and the modulation of the function of the SigB ( B ) protein in response to changing stress (entry into stationary growth phase, nutrient depletion, and presence of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation) and environmental stress (heat shock and osmotic shock) in B. subtilis (2,6,8,22,36,37,41).The emergence of multiple-drug-resistant, highly pathogenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus poses a serious threat for human and animal health management of infected subjects. S. aureus causes a number of infections ranging from superficial skin abscesses to life-threatening systemic diseases (e.g., toxic shock syndrome and osteomyelitis) (17,25,38).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%