Opposing, Polarity-Driven Nuclear Migrations Underpin Asymmetric Divisions to Pattern Arabidopsis Stomata

Muroyama, Andrew; Gong, Yan; Bergmann, Dominique C.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.08.100

Cited by 50 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Additionally, in tomato, approximately 30% of physically asymmetric divisions undergo "meristemoid drop-out" and resolve as pairs of pavement cells (Figure 4E). While such divisions are absent in wild type Arabidopsis development, similar phenotypes have been described in myoxi-i mutants, where nuclear migration and division plane defects accompany differentiation of both daughters into pavement cells (Muroyama et al, 2020). Similarly, late depletion of the transcription factor SPEECHLESS can "divert" meristemoids or GMCs towards pavement cell fate (Lopez-Anido et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

On the edge: Evolution of polarity protein BASL and the capacity for stomatal lineage asymmetric divisions

Nir

Amador

Gong

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Asymmetric and oriented stem cell divisions enable the continued production of patterned tissues. The molecules that guide these divisions include several “polarity proteins” that are localized to discrete plasma membrane domains, are differentially inherited during asymmetric divisions, and whose scaffolding activities can guide division plane orientation and subsequent cell fates. In the stomatal lineages on the surfaces of plant leaves, asymmetric and oriented divisions create distinct cell types in physiologically optimized patterns. The polarity protein BASL is a major regulator of stomatal lineage division and cell fate asymmetries in Arabidopsis, but its role in the stomatal lineages of other plants is unclear. Here, using phylogenetic and functional assays, we demonstrate that BASL is a eudicot-specific polarity protein. Among dicots, divergence in BASL’s roles may reflect some intrinsic protein differences, but more likely reflects previously unappreciated differences in how asymmetric cell divisions are employed for pattern formation in different species. This multi-species analysis therefore provides insight into the evolution of a unique polarity regulator and into the developmental choices available to cells as they build and pattern tissues.HIGHLIGHTSBASL is a eudicot-specific regulator of stomatal lineage asymmetric cell divisionsBASL protein evolution includes stepwise addition of polarity domains to an ancestral MAPK-binding chassisCellular quiescence and BASL-guided polarity generate proper stomatal spacing in tomatoCell size and fate asymmetries are uncoupled in the tomato stomatal lineage

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

On the edge: Evolution of polarity protein BASL and the capacity for stomatal lineage asymmetric divisions

Nir

Amador

Gong

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Consequently, as cytokinesis proceeds, the cell plate expands away from the predetermined division plane and produces an oblique daughter cell wall and not properly arranged stomata develop (Figures 2 and 3). Moreover, the incomplete cell walls observed (Figure 1) could lead to stomatal lineage determinant factor leackage (e.g., BASL [17]) to meristemoid neighbouring cells causing their re-programming towards the development of stomata, so that stomatal clusters appear (Figure 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stomata of the Katanin Mutants, fra2, lue1 and bot1

Paraskevopoulou¹,

Anezakis²,

Giannoutsou³

et al. 2020

The 1st International Electronic Conference on Plant Science

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Katanin, is a microtubule severing protein that orchestrates microtubule organization throughout the plant cell cycle. Taking into consideration the role of the microtubule cytoskeleton in the stomatal development, the Arabidopsis thaliana katanin mutants, fra2, lue1 and bot1 were studied to observe how the absence of function of/malfunction of katanin affects stomatal development. Katanin mutants are characterised by less mature stomata and more young stomata and meristemoids forming clusters. The size of the mature stomata differed from col-0, with the katanin mutants having shorter guard cells and pores as well as smaller pore aperture. In addition, a unique type of cell was observed in the fra2 mutant, the persistent guard mother cells (GMC’s), where the GMC persisted and did not divide symmetrically to form a stoma. Another rather significant observation was that the cell walls of some epidermal cells in the mutants appeared to be incomplete. As far as the cell wall matrix components distribution is concerned, callose did not display significant differences compared to col-0 while pectins and hemicelluloses were differentially dispersed. Microtubules in cytokinetic GMCs were long, bended and connected to the nuclei, while microtubule arrays in katanin mutant leaf epidermis were aberrant and stomatal complexes had astral microtubule arrays as it was observed in the wild type. In conclusion, the malfunction of katanin appears to affect the development of stomata in the epidermis of young leaves in Arabidopsis thaliana, affecting not only stomatal patterning, since the one-cell spacing rule was compromised, but also the morphology of the stomatal complexes. The cell wall-matrix appears altered in the katanin mutants, possibly affecting the function of the stomata since katanin mutant stomata had a reduced pore aperture.

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“…It is worth noting that the polarity site in both systems (maize and Arabidopsis) plays roles in directional nuclear migration and division orientation in developing stomata. However, not much has been known, particularly in Arabidopsis, about how polarity proteins impinge on the spatial organization of the cytoskeleton elements and/or drive directional sometimes opposite nuclear migration before and after an ACD (Muroyama et al, 2020). (a-c).…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing asymmetry: stomatal division and differentiation in plants

2021

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Summary In the leaf epidermis, stomatal pores allow gas exchange between plants and the environment. The production of stomatal guard cells requires the lineage cells to divide asymmetrically. In this Insight review, we describe an emerging picture of how intrinsic molecules drive stomatal asymmetric cell division in multidimensions, from transcriptional activities in the nucleus to the dynamic assembly of the polarity complex at the cell cortex. Given the significant roles of stomatal activity in plant responses to environmental changes, we incorporate recent advances in external cues feeding into the regulation of core molecular machinery required for stomatal development. The work we discuss here is mainly based on the dicot plant Arabidopsis thaliana with summaries of recent progress in the monocots.

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Opposing, Polarity-Driven Nuclear Migrations Underpin Asymmetric Divisions to Pattern Arabidopsis Stomata

Cited by 50 publications

References 45 publications

On the edge: Evolution of polarity protein BASL and the capacity for stomatal lineage asymmetric divisions

On the edge: Evolution of polarity protein BASL and the capacity for stomatal lineage asymmetric divisions

The Stomata of the Katanin Mutants, fra2, lue1 and bot1

Establishing asymmetry: stomatal division and differentiation in plants

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