“…Numerous techniques, such as Fourier transform (FT) infrared [17,18], FT-Raman spectrometry [19], GC-MS [20][21][22][23], cloud point extraction (CPE) [24], fluorescence [7,10], spectrophotometry [25,26], dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined UV spectrophotometry [27], indirect atomic absorption spectrometry [28], opposite changing dual-emission luminescence of gold nanoparticles by sulfhydryl [6], carbon dots [7], and screen-printed enzyme electrodes [29], have been reported for trace determination of malathion in complex matrices. Despite the reliability of the protocols mentioned above, some complexities and drawbacks (e.g., use of toxic constituents and solvents, high cost, and expensive instrumentation linked with operational complications) have been associated with most of these techniques [17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”