Opposite Responses of the Dry and Moist Eddy Heat Transport Into the Arctic in the PAMIP Experiments

Audette, Alexandre; Fajber, Robert; Kushner, Paul J.; Wu, Yutian; Peings, Yannick; Magnúsdóttir, Guðrún; Eade, Rosie; Sigmond, Michael; Sun, Lantao

doi:10.1029/2020gl089990

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Observed blocking trends are dependent on the metrics used to quantify such events and there are inconsistencies in current climate models' abilities to fully capture blocking. Poleward moisture transport is projected to increase in a warming climate, but the vertical structure of moisture transport will likely determine the magnitude of its contribution to Arctic surface warming (Arctic Moisture Intrusions: Impacts on Sea Ice and Relationships With Blocking), and decreasing dry static energy transport due to sea ice loss may limit increases in total atmospheric heat transport to the Arctic (Audette et al, 2021). Similarly, divergent consensus on future trends of tropical subseasonal variability under a warmer climate makes projections of MJO-Arctic linkages under such climates challenging, and warrants more research to understand this complex and highly non-linear connection between the tropics and Arctic amplification.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and Remote Atmospheric Circulation Drivers of Arctic Change: A Review

et al. 2021

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Arctic Amplification is a fundamental feature of past, present, and modelled future climate. However, the causes of this “amplification” within Earth’s climate system are not fully understood. To date, warming in the Arctic has been most pronounced in autumn and winter seasons, with this trend predicted to continue based on model projections of future climate. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which this will take place are numerous, interconnected. and complex. Will future Arctic Amplification be primarily driven by local, within-Arctic processes, or will external forces play a greater role in contributing to changing climate in this region? Motivated by this uncertainty in future Arctic climate, this review seeks to evaluate several of the key atmospheric circulation processes important to the ongoing discussion of Arctic amplification, focusing primarily on processes in the troposphere. Both local and remote drivers of Arctic amplification are considered, with specific focus given to high-latitude atmospheric blocking, poleward moisture transport, and tropical-high latitude subseasonal teleconnections. Impacts of circulation variability and moisture transport on sea ice, ice sheet surface mass balance, snow cover, and other surface cryospheric variables are reviewed and discussed. The future evolution of Arctic amplification is discussed in terms of projected future trends in atmospheric blocking and moisture transport and their coupling with the cryosphere. As high-latitude atmospheric circulation is strongly influenced by lower-latitude processes, the future state of tropical-to-Arctic teleconnections is also considered.

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Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and Remote Atmospheric Circulation Drivers of Arctic Change: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…While we do not explicitly compute the moisture budget, changes in moisture convergence can be inferred as the difference between changes in precipitation and evaporation (latent heat fluxes) from Figure S1 in Supporting Information S1. Note that changes in moisture convergence into the Arctic are not equivalent to changes in moisture advection from lower latitudes, as moisture export from the Arctic also increases in a warmer climate (Audette et al, 2021).…”

Section: Budget Computationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arctic Amplification of Precipitation Changes—The Energy Hypothesis

Pithan

Jung

2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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Arctic precipitation increases can freshen the Arctic Ocean surface and reduce sea ice loss, and affect the mass balance of high-latitude glaciers and ice sheets (Bintanja et al., 2018;Bintanja & Selten, 2014;Min et al., 2008). Understanding what drives increased precipitation sensitivity to climate change in the Arctic is fundamental to build confidence in future projections of Arctic precipitation change and narrow their spread.Arctic amplification of both temperature and humidity changes is strongest during the cold season, when incoming solar radiation is low or zero and the Arctic energy budget is dominated by advection of heat from lower latitudes, heat release from the ocean surface and radiative cooling to space (Collins et al., 2013;Serreze & Barry, 2011;Serreze et al., 2007). Enhanced Arctic warming compared to lower latitudes has been attributed to local radiative feedbacks (Stuecker et al., 2018) and increased advection of moist air masses from lower latitudes (Woods & Caballero, 2016). The increased absorption of solar radiation by darker surfaces caused by snow and ice melt (surface albedo feedback) and the weak Arctic infrared cooling to space caused by thermal stratification (lapse-rate feedback) are the most important local feedback mechanisms contributing to Arctic amplification (Hahn et al., 2021;Pithan & Mauritsen, 2014).Prior research on Arctic amplification of precipitation changes has often been based on what we call the moisture hypothesis, arguing that additional moisture supply causes increased precipitation. This hypothesis assumes that Arctic precipitation and its increase under global warming are limited by moisture

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“…This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. loss through a thoroughly specified experimental protocol that has so far been applied using several state-of-theart Earth system models (e.g., Audette et al, 2021;Labe et al, 2020;D. M. Smith, Eade, et al, 2022).…”

Section: Audette and Kushnermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role that sea ice loss plays is central to understanding changes to the polar climate as well as the linkages between lower latitudes and the polar regions (Blackport et al., 2019; Overland, 2016). The Polar Amplification Intercomparison Project (PAMIP, D. M. Smith et al., 2019) attempts to elucidate the effects of PA from sea ice loss through a thoroughly specified experimental protocol that has so far been applied using several state‐of‐the‐art Earth system models (e.g., Audette et al., 2021; Labe et al., 2020; D. M. Smith, Eade, et al., 2022). Within this protocol are fully coupled climate simulations including atmosphere, ocean, ice and land model components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Hybrid Sea Ice Nudging Method for Improving Control Over Partitioning of Sea Ice Concentration and Thickness

Audette

Kushner

2022

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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Over the past decades, observed Arctic sea ice extent (SIE) has greatly decreased, diminishing by nearly 50% in September (NSIDC, 2022). In the newer generation of climate models of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6, Eyring et al., 2016), the Arctic is projected to become seasonally sea-ice free before the year 2050 in all emissions scenarios (Notz & Community, 2020). In the opposite polar region, until the most recent 5 years, Antarctic SIE had been slowly increasing (Comiso et al., 2017), but the trend appears to now be reversing as the Antarctic witnesses reductions in SIE (NSIDC, 2022;Roach et al., 2020). Along with the reduction of sea ice cover, Arctic temperatures are rising more than twice as fast as the global average (Cohen et al., 2014). In Antarctica, amplification of the warming is less clear, but this hiatus in air temperature trends might be coming to an end (Carrasco et al., 2021). This anomalous polar warming, referred to as Polar Amplification (PA), is caused by several local feedbacks and remote effects such as the ice albedo feedback, Planck feedback or the atmospheric energy transport, for example, (Pithan & Mauritsen, 2014). In return, PA has important consequences on the whole climate system (Serreze & Francis, 2006).The role that sea ice loss plays is central to understanding changes to the polar climate as well as the linkages between lower latitudes and the polar regions (

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Opposite Responses of the Dry and Moist Eddy Heat Transport Into the Arctic in the PAMIP Experiments

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Local and Remote Atmospheric Circulation Drivers of Arctic Change: A Review

Local and Remote Atmospheric Circulation Drivers of Arctic Change: A Review

Arctic Amplification of Precipitation Changes—The Energy Hypothesis

Simple Hybrid Sea Ice Nudging Method for Improving Control Over Partitioning of Sea Ice Concentration and Thickness

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