OptEF-BCI: An Optimization-Based Hybrid EEG and fNIRS–Brain Computer Interface

Abstract

Multimodal data fusion (electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)) has been developed as an important neuroimaging research field in order to circumvent the inherent limitations of individual modalities by combining complementary information from other modalities. This study employed an optimization-based feature selection algorithm to systematically investigate the complementary nature of multimodal fused features. After preprocessing the acquired data of both modalities (i.e., EEG and fNIRS), the temporal statistical features were computed separately with a 10 s interval for each modality. The computed features were fused to create a training vector. A wrapper-based binary enhanced whale optimization algorithm (E-WOA) was used to select the optimal/efficient fused feature subset using the support-vector-machine-based cost function. An online dataset of 29 healthy individuals was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology. The findings suggest that the proposed approach enhances the classification performance by evaluating the degree of complementarity between characteristics and selecting the most efficient fused subset. The binary E-WOA feature selection approach showed a high classification rate (94.22 ± 5.39%). The classification performance exhibited a 3.85% increase compared with the conventional whale optimization algorithm. The proposed hybrid classification framework outperformed both the individual modalities and traditional feature selection classification (p < 0.01). These findings indicate the potential efficacy of the proposed framework for several neuroclinical applications.

Maximizing Corrosion Resistance of HA+Ce Coated Mg Implants Using Random Forest and Whale Optimization Algorithm

“…If p is less than 0.5 and the magnitude of vector A is greater than or equal to 1, the whale undergoes an update via prey search. Alternatively, if the magnitude of A is less than 1, the whale is updated using the encircling prey method [46].…”

State-of-the-Art on Brain-Computer Interface Technology

“…EEG measures electrical signals produced by neurons within the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp, providing researchers with detailed information about neural activity associated with different cognitive functions. Other platforms commonly used include functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) [27][28][29][30][31][32][33], magnetoencephalography [34][35][36], and electrocorticography [37][38][39]. These methods measure different types of neural signals than EEG but can still be useful in developing effective BCI systems due to their higher temporal resolution or ability to detect deeper sources of brain activity.…”

“…collected from EEG recordings can also be analyzed to assess cognitive abilities such as attention span or memory recall speed. Figure 3 illustrates that there are four distinct "rhythms" of the human brain, which can be categorized based on their frequency: δ delta (0.1-4 Hz), θ theta (4-7.5 Hz), α alpha (7.5-12 Hz), β beta (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), and γ gamma (over 30 Hz). It is important to note that these rhythms differ in amplitude as well as frequency.…”

An Isolated CNN Architecture for Classification of Finger-Tapping Tasks Using Initial Dip Images: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study

“…The applications of fNIRS range from behavioral and cognitive neuroscience studies [3] to more innovative applications, including the investigation of cortical hemodynamic variations caused by driving [4], climbing [5], aircraft flying [6], decoding of sleep states including drowsiness [7,8], the administration of psychedelics, and interface with computers [9]. Furthermore, fNIRS has shown promising results when used in conjunction with various imaging modalities such as optical imaging [9], functional magnetic resonance imaging [10], electroencephalography [11][12][13], magnetoencephalography [14], or others [15][16][17].…”