Optic Nerve Fast Axonal Transport Abnormalities in Primates

Radius, Ronald L.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1980.01020040870017

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Axoplasmic transport blockade in the ONH has been associated with acute (Quigley and Anderson 1976, Quigley and Anderson 1977) and chronic IOP elevations (Quigley and Addicks 1980), which indicates that IOP and its mechanical effects on the load-bearing tissues, vasculature (Geijer and Bill 1979, Radius 1980), and/or cells directly affects axonal homeostasis.…”

Section: Remodeling Of the Optic Nerve Head With Age And Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Optic nerve head biomechanics in aging and disease

Downs

2015

Experimental Eye Research

123

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This nontechnical review is focused upon educating the reader on optic nerve head biomechanics in both aging and disease along two main themes: what is known about how mechanical forces and the resulting deformations are distributed in the posterior pole and ONH (biomechanics) and what is known about how the living system responds to those deformations (mechanobiology). We focus on how ONH responds to IOP elevations as a structural system, insofar as the acute mechanical response of the lamina cribrosa is confounded with the responses of the peripapillary sclera, prelaminar neural tissues, and retrolaminar optic nerve. We discuss the biomechanical basis for IOP-driven changes in connective tissues, blood flow, and cellular responses. We use glaucoma as the primary framework to present the important aspects of ONH biomechanics in aging and disease, as ONH biomechanics, aging, and the posterior pole extracellular matrix (ECM) are thought to be centrally involved in glaucoma susceptibility, onset and progression.

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Section: Remodeling Of the Optic Nerve Head With Age And Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Optic nerve head biomechanics in aging and disease

Downs

2015

Experimental Eye Research

123

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“…The preponderance of evidence strongly suggests that the RGC axonal injury occurring within the lamina cribrosa is a critical component of glaucomatous injury. 3 – 9 This has led to increasing interest in understanding the mechanobiology of the optic nerve head (ONH) and the role of translaminar pressure differences in the development and progression of glaucoma. To understand these relationships, researchers must use animal models that most closely resemble the relevant human anatomy and develop key pathologic features of the human disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Tree Shrew (Tupaia belangeri) Model of Glaucoma

Samuels

Siegwart

Zhan

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PurposePrimates and rodents are used widely as animal models of glaucoma, but each has significant limitations. Researchers need additional animal models that closely resemble the relevant anatomy and pathologic features of the human disease to more quickly advance research. We validate a novel glaucoma animal model in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri).MethodsExperimental glaucoma was induced in adult tree shrews (n = 8) by injecting 50 μL of a 25 mg/mL ferromagnetic bead solution into the anterior chamber. Beads were directed into the iridocorneal angle with a magnet to impede aqueous outflow. Animals were followed for 3 months with weekly IOP measurements and biweekly spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images of the optic nerve head. Histopathology of the optic nerve and optic nerve axon counts were completed at the end of the study.ResultsThe 12-week average mean IOP was 22.7 ± 3.6 and 8.6 ± 2.9 mm Hg in the treated and control eyes, respectively. Longitudinal analysis showed significant retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning throughout the study. Axon counts were significantly reduced (59.7%) in treated versus control eyes. SD-OCT imaging showed cupping and posterior displacement of the lamina cribrosa in glaucomatous eyes. RNFL thickness and optic nerve axon counts were reduced consistent with IOP elevation. Optic nerves demonstrated histopathology consistent with glaucomatous optic neuropathy.ConclusionsTree shrews with experimental glaucoma show key pathologic characteristics of the human disease. The tree shrew model of glaucoma has the potential to help researchers accelerate our understanding of glaucoma pathophysiology.

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“…Previous studies with experi mental models of posterior ciliary artery interruption have disclosed swollen nerve fi bers when pale disk swelling was examined by light microscopy, and accumulations of both fast and slow components of axoplasm were observed in the swollen nerve fibers after ex amination by electronmicroscopy [8,9]. These observations indicate that reduction in axo plasmic flow by the alteration of blood supply may result in accumulations of axoplasm and nerve fiber swelling at the optic nerve head, producing opthalmoscopic pale disk edema.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

The Optic Disk in Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Associated with Retinal Artery Occlusion (With 1 color plate)

Ishikawa

Muroi

1990

Ophthalmologica

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Two patients who had retinal artery occlusion associated with impaired peripapillary choroidal circulation were followed up ophthalmoscopically, to evaluate the appearance of the optic disk. The first patient showed central retinal artery occlusion, and the second patient demonstrated branch retinal artery occlusion. A peripapillary choroidal filling defect was noted in both cases by fluorescein angiography, suggesting an association with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. The first patient exhibited optic atrophy without demonstrating pale disk edema. The second patient showed pale disk edema, but a sectorial defect of disk swelling was noted in the quadrant that corresponded to the area affected by branch retinal artery occlusion.

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Optic Nerve Fast Axonal Transport Abnormalities in Primates

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Optic nerve head biomechanics in aging and disease

Optic nerve head biomechanics in aging and disease

A Novel Tree Shrew (Tupaia belangeri) Model of Glaucoma

The Optic Disk in Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Associated with Retinal Artery Occlusion (With 1 color plate)

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