Optic Nerve Tissue Shrinkage During Pathologic Processing After Enucleation for Retinoblastoma

Abramson, David H.; Schefler, Amy C; Almeida, Dena; Folberg, Robert

doi:10.1001/archopht.121.1.73

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Limitations to our study include our inability to evaluate the accuracy of wall thickness measurements because no standard of reference for intracranial vessels exists. A limited report of intracranial wall thickness measurements based on a cadaver study (25) is not relatable because of the younger age of that population and the anticipated specimen shrinkage of up to 30% (26). However, our mean lumen area measurements agree with the results of published data (7,(18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Neuroradiology: Mr Imaging Measures Of Intracranial Atheroscsupporting

confidence: 84%

MR Imaging Measures of Intracranial Atherosclerosis in a Population-based Study

Qiao¹,

Güallar²,

Suri³

et al. 2016

Radiology

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Purpose:To implement a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol to measure intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) in a population-based multicenter study and report examination and reader reliability of these MR imaging measurements and descriptive statistics representative of the general population. Materials and Methods:This prospective study was approved by the institutional review boards and compliant with HIPAA. Conclusion:Vessel wall MR imaging is a reliable tool for identifying and measuring ICAD and provided insight into ICAD distribution across a U.S. community-based population.q RSNA, 2016

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Section: Neuroradiology: Mr Imaging Measures Of Intracranial Atheroscsupporting

confidence: 84%

MR Imaging Measures of Intracranial Atherosclerosis in a Population-based Study

Qiao¹,

Güallar²,

Suri³

et al. 2016

Radiology

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“…Interestingly, a study performed using en face Optical Coherence Tomography reported in vivo, OCT-detected ASCO diameter values of approximately 665 μm in 18 normal Dark Agouti rats (Guo et al, 2005). While tissue shrinkage due to fixation, embedding and species difference (estimated to be as high as 30%) (Abramson et al, 2003) may explain these differences, the in vivo study did not clarify the orientation of their measurements (long versus short axis of the horizontal ellipse), nor did it detect the elliptical (rather than circular) shape of this opening as we have herein described. In a post-mortem histologic study of 6 normal human ONHs, (Sigal et al, 2010) ASCO radius was 1.2 times larger than the monkey and 4 times larger than the rat eye.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Rat optic nerve head anatomy within 3D histomorphometric reconstructions of normal control eyes

Pazos

Yang

Gardiner

et al. 2015

Experimental Eye Research

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The purpose of this study is to three-dimensionally (3D) characterize the principal macroscopic and microscopic relationships within the rat optic nerve head (ONH) and quantify them in normal control eyes. Perfusion-fixed, trephinated ONH from 8 normal control eyes of 8 Brown Norway Rats were 3D histomorphometrically reconstructed, visualized, delineated and parameterized. The rat ONH consists of 2 scleral openings, (a superior neurovascular and inferior arterial) separated by a thin connective tissue strip we have termed the “scleral sling”. Within the superior opening, the nerve abuts a prominent extension of Bruch's Membrane (BM) superiorly and is surrounded by a vascular plexus, as it passes through the sclera, that is a continuous from the choroid into and through the dural sheath and contains the central retinal vein (CRV), (inferiorly). The inferior scleral opening contains the central retinal artery and three long posterior ciliary arteries which obliquely pass through the sclera to obtain the choroid. Bruch's Membrane Opening (BMO) is irregular and vertically elongated, enclosing the nerve (superiorly) and CRV and CRA (inferiorly). Overall mean BMO Depth, BMO Area, Choroidal Thickness and peripapillary Scleral Thickness were 29 μm, 56.5 × 103 μm2, 57 μm and 104 μm respectively. Mean anterior scleral canal opening (ASCO) and posterior scleral canal opening (PSCO) radii were 201 ± 15 μm and 204 ± 16 μm, respectively. Mean optic nerve area at the ASCO and PSCO were 46.3 × 103 ± 4.4 × 103 μm2 and 44.1 × 103 ± 4.5 × 103 μm2 respectively. In conclusion, the 3D complexity of the rat ONH and the extent to which it differs from the primate have been under-appreciated within previous 2D studies. Properly understood, these anatomic differences may provide new insights into the relative susceptibilities of the rat and primate ONH to elevated intraocular pressure.

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“…Comparison between clinical measurements of RPCs when available and this histomorphometrical study needs to consider possible effect caused by fixation induced change, post-mortem time prior to fixation (Frenkel et al, 2005;Gabriele et al, 2007), age of donor, method of tissue preparation including the compression from cover glass, and dehydration introduced by the fixation process as well as the mounting medium. Abramson's (Abramson et al, 2003) study on optic nerve tissue had reported a shrinkage range of 0%e93% Table 1. RPCs volume is expressed as X Â 10 5 mm 3 whilst RNFL thickness is expressed as microns (mm).…”

Section: Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%