Optic Neuritis or Inflammatory Optic Neuropathy: a review

Abstract

Optic neuritis [1] and inflammatory optic neuropathy [2] are two terms which can be found in the literature and which explain a large group of inflammations of the optic nerve. The discussion on the correct use of the terms and the understanding of the nature of damage requires more detailed research and literature search.Purpose. To study the current views on the pathogenesis of optic nerve inflammation.Methods. The literature search in Ukrainian and foreign scientific sources (32 sources).The classification of neuritis, theories of pathogenesis and approaches to their treatment in Ukrainian ophthalmology and in the world societies of neuroophthalmology (NANOS and EUNOS) are different. In Ukraine, the most commonly used classification is based on localization (papillitis and retrobulbar neuritis) [3], while abroad they prefer the classification based on pathogenesis (typical and atypical neuritis).Until recently, up to 2016, the difference between typical neuritis, which is considered a consequence of demyelinating diseases, and atypical neuritis, which has a different nature, was clearer (Table 1). [4].On the other hand [5], the diversity of manifestations of atypical forms, in which both papillitis and retrobulbar neuritis variants are possible (Fig. 1), shows, in our opinion, the imperfection of the Ukrainian neuritis classification system.

A Novel System for Ocular Surface Temperature Measurement and Tracking

“…OST measurement has the potential to provide useful information about ocular surface health. For example, knowledge of the OST can help a physician to diagnose some eye diseases with much improved accuracy [4]- [7], [7]- [17], [38]. It can also be used for a better understanding of tear film quality by looking at changes in OST associated with tear film breakup and associated tear evaporation [5], [10].…”

“…Among these methods, thermography is attractive because it is non-invasive (no temperature alteration), fast, and can show temperature distribution over the measurement area [2], [3]. Infrared (IR) thermography has been used as a non-invasive method of ocular surface temperature measurement to assist clinicians in diagnosing ocular disease [4]- [17]. IR thermography enables the examination of temperature changes of the whole cornea, or a specific area, such as the center, inferior or superior cornea [18]- [21].…”