Optic-Vestibular Orientation to the Vertical

Bischof, Norbert

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-65920-1_2

Cited by 41 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The first relates to the existence of a dynamic intermediate state, where the weight attributed to each reference frame evolved during the task. Specifically, this phenomenon has been observed on the rod-and-frame effect during head tilt (DiLorenzo and Rock 1982) or whole-body tilt (Bishof 1974;Goodenough et al 1985;Zoccolotti et al 1992). For instance, it was shown that a 45°head tilt increased the influence of a 20°tilted frame upon visual vertical estimates, compared to a head upright condition (DiLorenzo and Rock 1982).…”

Section: Interpenetrability Between Reference Framesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Influence of gaze elevation on estimating the possibility of passing under high obstacles during body tilt

2008

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We investigated the influence of gaze elevation on judging the possibility of passing under high obstacles during pitch body tilts, while stationary, in absence of allocentric cues. Specifically, we aimed at studying the influence of egocentric references upon geocentric judgements. Seated subjects, orientated at various body orientations, were asked to perceptually estimate the possibility of passing under a projected horizontal line while keeping their gaze on a fixation target and imagining a horizontal body displacement. The results showed a global overestimation of the possibility of passing under the line, and confirmed the influence of body orientation reported by Bringoux et al. (Exp Brain Res 185(4):673-680, 2008). More strikingly, a linear influence of gaze elevation was found on perceptual estimates. Precisely, downward eye elevation yielded increased overestimations, and conversely upward gaze elevation yielded decreased overestimations. Furthermore, body and gaze orientation effects were independent and combined additively to yield a global egocentric influence with a weight of 45 and 54%, respectively. Overall, our data suggest that multiple egocentric references can jointly affect the estimated possibility of passing under high obstacles. These results are discussed in terms of ''interpenetrability'' between geocentric and egocentric reference frames and clearly demonstrate that gaze elevation is involved, as body orientation, in geocentric spatial localization.

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Section: Interpenetrability Between Reference Framesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Influence of gaze elevation on estimating the possibility of passing under high obstacles during body tilt

2008

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“…As in the upright position, supine observers seem to respond as if they were objectively tilted in the opposite direction with respect to environmental axes. In upright observers, it has been suggested that these responses are mediated by visualvestibular interactions (e.g., Bischof, 1974). In this view, responses that occur when the otolith is stimulated by objective body tilts are also induced in upright observers by peripheral retinal configurations that normally occur when the body is tilted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same responses can also be produced in upright observers by a frame that is tilted CCW. The most widely studied of these responses involves vertical rod settings, often used to measure individual differences in degree of perceptual field dependence (e.g., Witkin & Asch, 1948;Witkin, Dyk, Faterson, Goodenough, & Karp, 1962/1974. When a rod is surrounded by a CCW frame, vertical settings tend to err in a CCW direction.…”

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confidence: 99%

A visually induced illusion of body tilt in a horizontal plane

Goodenough

Nowak

Oltman

et al. 1982

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…to transform retinal signals, we need information about the alignment of the line with respect to the position of the eyes (Bischof, 1974;Bucher, 1988). Such alignment is, however, affected by the degree to which the eyes rotate, given a particular amount of body rotation.…”

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confidence: 99%

A novel automatic procedure for measuring ocular counterrolling: A computeranalytical method to determine the eye’s roll angle while subjects work on perceptual tasks

Bucher

Heitger

Mast

et al. 1990

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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In investigations ofthe perception ofspace, the consideration of ocular counterrolling-the movement of the eye around its visual axis in response to body movement-is crucially important. The angle ofthis movement must be known in order for one to determine the precise retinal coordinates of a distal object. Following transformation, this stimulus serves as a reliable cue for visual direction. The otolith organs provide information about body tilt and are responsible for ocular counterrolling. A novel, noninvasive method to measure ocular counterrolling, based on the cross-correlation of digitized video pictures of the eyes, is presented. The resolution attained was :s0.1°. The computer analysis is fully automatic and fast, and it can be performed while subjects work on perceptual tasks. No direct access to the eyeballs is required. Data from 4 subjects showing the counterrolling profile in various body positions are presented. 433We are primarily interested in spatial orientation, and particularly in vertical perception. To investigate this phenomenon further, we bring our human subjects into various body positions in a dark environment, where they are presented with a luminous line. The subjects are requested to set this luminous line to the apparent vertical.A system-analytical approach, as initiated by Bischof and Scheerer (1970), envisages the problem of the perception of the vertical as a compensatory process. The angle of body tilt, it has been argued, has to be compensated for by central-nervous processing (Bischof, 1966).The position of the line with respect to the body position allows us to calculate the angular deviation of the subjective vertical from the gravity vector (see Figure 1). In order to determine the precise compensatory angle usedThe authorsare gratefulfor the assistance of Walter Schmidand Henri Gossweiler, who built most of the technical equipment. We thank Christopher Pryce for critical reading of the manuscript and his helpful suggestions. Special thanks are also due to the subjects who patiently took part in the experiments. Anyone who is interested in applying the presented algorithmshouldcontactthe authors. The programsare written in FORTRAN 77 using specific routines to access the video digitizer. We plan to adapt the software to Apple Macintosh computers with the appropriate hardware for video digitizing. Requests for reprints should be sent to

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Optic-Vestibular Orientation to the Vertical

Cited by 41 publications

References 87 publications

Influence of gaze elevation on estimating the possibility of passing under high obstacles during body tilt

Influence of gaze elevation on estimating the possibility of passing under high obstacles during body tilt

A visually induced illusion of body tilt in a horizontal plane

A novel automatic procedure for measuring ocular counterrolling: A computeranalytical method to determine the eye’s roll angle while subjects work on perceptual tasks

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