Optical acceleration cancellation: a viable interception strategy?

Rozendaal, L.A.; Soest, Arthur van

doi:10.1007/s00422-002-0393-3

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…According to this theory, experienced athletes may achieve the correct position for ball catching by running at a speed such that the tangent of the angle of gaze from the fielder to ball increases at a constant rate. Although the optical cancellation strategy has been shown to account for the interceptive behavior of fielders across a fair range of fly-ball trajectories, numerical simulations have implied that it may not represent a unique interceptive strategy for catching fly-balls, because it does not generalize across a wider range of possible fly-ball trajectories and fielders' behavior [91]. The results of these simulations raised, in fact, the possibility that a mixture of feedback and predictive mechanisms, like the one observed in the present study, may afford a wider generalization of the interceptive behavior [91].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the optical cancellation strategy has been shown to account for the interceptive behavior of fielders across a fair range of fly-ball trajectories, numerical simulations have implied that it may not represent a unique interceptive strategy for catching fly-balls, because it does not generalize across a wider range of possible fly-ball trajectories and fielders' behavior [91]. The results of these simulations raised, in fact, the possibility that a mixture of feedback and predictive mechanisms, like the one observed in the present study, may afford a wider generalization of the interceptive behavior [91]. Aside from these considerations, it must be remarked that the different environmental context could represent a major source of discrepancy between the interceptive strategies observed in our computer virtualization of the baseball game and in the real baseball.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catching What We Can't See: Manual Interception of Occluded Fly-Ball Trajectories

2012

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Control of interceptive actions may involve fine interplay between feedback-based and predictive mechanisms. These processes rely heavily on target motion information available when the target is visible. However, short-term visual memory signals as well as implicit knowledge about the environment may also contribute to elaborate a predictive representation of the target trajectory, especially when visual feedback is partially unavailable because other objects occlude the visual target. To determine how different processes and information sources are integrated in the control of the interceptive action, we manipulated a computer-generated visual environment representing a baseball game. Twenty-four subjects intercepted fly-ball trajectories by moving a mouse cursor and by indicating the interception with a button press. In two separate sessions, fly-ball trajectories were either fully visible or occluded for 750, 1000 or 1250 ms before ball landing. Natural ball motion was perturbed during the descending trajectory with effects of either weightlessness (0 g) or increased gravity (2 g) at times such that, for occluded trajectories, 500 ms of perturbed motion were visible before ball disappearance. To examine the contribution of previous visual experience with the perturbed trajectories to the interception of invisible targets, the order of visible and occluded sessions was permuted among subjects. Under these experimental conditions, we showed that, with fully visible targets, subjects combined servo-control and predictive strategies. Instead, when intercepting occluded targets, subjects relied mostly on predictive mechanisms based, however, on different type of information depending on previous visual experience. In fact, subjects without prior experience of the perturbed trajectories showed interceptive errors consistent with predictive estimates of the ball trajectory based on a-priori knowledge of gravity. Conversely, the interceptive responses of subjects previously exposed to fully visible trajectories were compatible with the fact that implicit knowledge of the perturbed motion was also taken into account for the extrapolation of occluded trajectories.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catching What We Can't See: Manual Interception of Occluded Fly-Ball Trajectories

2012

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“…Equation (4) is the same as Eq. (5) in Rozendaal and van Soest's research (Rozendaal and van Soest, 2003) if it is assumed that the initial height of the ball is zero. From Eq.…”

Section: Passive Oac Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the implementation of this strategy by collecting acceleration data from the image is very noisy, and this "bang-bang" approach results in non-smooth robotic trajectories. Rozendaal and van Soest analyzed the OAC algorithm to determine when it is valid and argue that the current model will always generate a path to intercept the object for balls starting at the horizon and hit towards the fielder (Rozendaal and van Soest, 2003). They argue that other degenerate cases such as balls falling down or balls starting below the horizon cause problems for the current OAC model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Therefore, the OAC control algorithm is very simple. If the velocity of the ball in the image plane starts to change, the fielder acts accordingly by moving forward or backward to maintain the image of the ball moving upward at a constant rate Sugar and McBeath, 2001;Suluh et al, 2001;Mori and Miyazaki, 2002;Mundhra et al, 2002;Suluh et al, 2002;Mori and Miyazaki, 2003;Rozendaal and van Soest, 2003;Miyazaki and Mori, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Mobile robot interception using human navigational principles: Comparison of active versus passive tracking algorithms

et al. 2006

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We examined human navigational principles for intercepting a projected object and tested their application in the design of navigational algorithms for mobile robots. These perceptual principles utilize a viewer-based geometry that allows the robot to approach the target without need of time-consuming calculations to determine the world coordinates of either itself or the target. Human research supports the use of an Optical Acceleration Cancellation (OAC) strategy to achieve interception. Here, the fielder selects a running path that nulls out the acceleration of the retinal image of an approaching ball, and maintains an image that rises at a constant rate throughout the task. We compare two robotic control algorithms for implementing the OAC strategy in cases in which the target remains in the sagittal plane headed directly toward the robot (which only moves forward or backward). In the "passive" algorithm, the robot keeps the orientation of the camera constant, and the image of the ball rises at a constant rate. In the "active" algorithm, the robot maintains a camera fixation that is centered on the image of the ball and keeps the tangent of the camera angle rising at a constant rate. Performance was superior with the active algorithm in both computer simulations and trials with actual mobile robots. The performance advantage is principally due to the higher gain and effectively wider viewing angle when the camera remains centered on the ball image. The findings confirm the viability and robustness of human perceptual principles in the design of mobile robot algorithms for tasks like interception.

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Visuo-motor coordination and internal models for object interception

et al. 2009

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Intercepting and avoiding collisions with moving objects are fundamental skills in daily life. Anticipatory behavior is required because of significant delays in transforming sensory information about target and body motion into a timed motor response. The ability to predict the kinematics and kinetics of interception or avoidance hundreds of milliseconds before the event may depend on several different sources of information and on different strategies of sensory-motor coordination. What are exactly the sources of spatio-temporal information and what are the control strategies remain controversial issues. Indeed, these topics have been the battlefield of contrasting views on how the brain interprets visual information to guide movement. Here we attempt a synthetic overview of the vast literature on interception. We discuss in detail the behavioral and neurophysiological aspects of interception of targets falling under gravity, as this topic has received special attention in recent years. We show that visual cues alone are insufficient to predict the time and place of interception or avoidance, and they need to be supplemented by prior knowledge (or internal models) about several features of the dynamic interaction with the moving object.

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Optical acceleration cancellation: a viable interception strategy?

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Catching What We Can't See: Manual Interception of Occluded Fly-Ball Trajectories

Catching What We Can't See: Manual Interception of Occluded Fly-Ball Trajectories

Mobile robot interception using human navigational principles: Comparison of active versus passive tracking algorithms

Visuo-motor coordination and internal models for object interception

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