Thiocholine bromide was proposed as a cationic capping ligand for a variety of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles with a good dispersibility in an ionic liquid (IL). The stability of NPs was improved in the IL compared to that in water, which was verified by an improved emission property of semiconductor nanoparticles and higher thermal stability of gold nanoparticles. The cationic thiocholine was further demonstrated as a surface ligand for CdTe nanoparticle dispersible in organic media in combination with various anions. Ionic liquids (ILs) have received considerable interest for the last two decades as a novel class of liquid materials because of unique properties that are tunable through a vast range of combinations of ionic components.1,2 Some of the recent studies have been directed to materials chemistry. 36 The combinations of ILs with nanoparticles (NPs) are of particular interest from the viewpoint of various practical applications, for which performances partly emerge by the synergetic interaction between the function inherent to NPs and the self-organizing property of ILs.7,8 A wide range of NPs including metallic, metal oxide, and semiconductor NPs, with or without surface-capping ligands, were stably dispersed in ILs. 79 Since the dispersion of NPs based on the electrical double layer repulsion cannot be expected in such ionic media, 10 IL-based solvation is most likely responsible for the colloidal stability of NPs in ILs.
79Surface-capping ligands of NPs not only passivate the active inorganic surface but also mediate interactions between the NPs and surrounding media as a buffer layer. In this context, NPs stabilized with imidazolium-functionalized ligands showed good stability in ILs. 1113 Even the electrostatic repulsion between the NPs is considered to be ineffective in ILs. 7 The formation of a double layer on the charged surface 14 in ILs might sufficiently protect NPs from agglomeration.7 Recent force measurement and neutron scattering studies proposed that ionic components of ILs form a solvation layering structure up to 5 nm in a layer-by-layer manner. 1517 We have reported that luminescent CdTe 18 and Au NPs 19 were stably dispersed in ILs with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (Tf 2 N) anion. These NPs were capped with cationic thiols such as 2-(dimethylamino)ethanethiol hydrochloride (DMAET) and thiocholine bromide (TCB). The use of Tf 2 N anion as a counter ion of these cationic thiols enabled the NP-dispersion over 40 wt % of gold content. 19 In the present work, the versatility of cationic thiocholine (TC) as a capping ligand of NPs is demonstrated in two ways. Firstly, we expand the range of NPs stably dispersed in ILs including anisotropic-shaped NPs. Secondly, the TCcapped CdTe NPs as a representative thiol-capped NP are dispersed in polar media in combination with various counter anions.Metal and semiconductor NPs were prepared according to the reported methods (see Supporting Information (SI)). TCBcapped NPs including Au, 20 PbS, ZnSe, CdTe, 18 and CdSe NPs were direct...