Optical amplifier noise figure in a coherent optical transmission system

Walker, Gordon J.; Steele, R.C.; Walker, N.G.

doi:10.1109/50.59172

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…If a post-photodetection (i.e., electronic) filter observes the rf spectrum between B 0 /2 − ∆ and B 0 /2 + ∆ then a 3 dB reduction of the beat term will result (in this case of a perfect optical bandpass filter). From this "offset filtering" (i.e., α = 0) perspective we see an equivalence with "image band rejection" techniques, presented in an optical context by Walker, Steele and Walker in 1990 [3]. Although the coherent detection schemes discussed in [3] have not yet been deployed in the optical telecommunications industry, the relevance of heterodyne detection to the problem of beat noise in optical amplifiers is undeniable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…From this "offset filtering" (i.e., α = 0) perspective we see an equivalence with "image band rejection" techniques, presented in an optical context by Walker, Steele and Walker in 1990 [3]. Although the coherent detection schemes discussed in [3] have not yet been deployed in the optical telecommunications industry, the relevance of heterodyne detection to the problem of beat noise in optical amplifiers is undeniable. A paradox arises from the aforementioned 3 dB reduction in signal-spontaneous noise since the noise figure's "quantum limit" of 3 dB could then be reduced to 0 dB, implying noiseless amplification, which is deemed impossible by quantum optical arguments [4], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

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A noiseless amplifier paradox

Shepard

2002

J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.

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Semiclassically, the signal-spontaneous beat noise in an optical amplifier can be reduced by 3dB via a filtering technique. This creates a paradox since the noise figure's quantum limit of 3dB could then be reduced to 0dB, implying noiseless amplification even though noise is still being introduced by the amplifier. We discuss ways in which this paradox might be resolved and present experimental evidence that dispenses (up to the noise floor of our detectors) with one of these. A semiclassical treatment of the effects of a real (rather than ideal) filter is also presented and applications of this noise reduction technique in telecommunications are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

A noiseless amplifier paradox

Shepard

2002

J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.

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“…The noise figure (NF) [60,61] is another excellent parameter for quantifying the electrooptical mixing system, dependent on the SOA-MZI differential modulation. It is interpreted as a variation in dB of the input OSNR (OSNR i ) at the SOA-MZI input to the output OSNR (OSNR o ) at the SOA-MZI exit, as identified in Equation ( 4).…”

Section: (C) Power Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of an Electro-Optical Mixing Design on a Photonic SOA-MZI Using a Differential Modulation Arrangement

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Mansour

Ebrahim-Zadeh

2023

Sensors

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We design and evaluate two experimental systems for a single and simultaneous electro-optical semiconductor optical amplifier Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI) mixing system based on the differential modulation mode. These systems and the optimization of their optical and electrical performance largely depend on characteristics of an optical pulse source (OPS), operating at a frequency of f = 39 GHz and a pulse width of 1 ps. The passive power stability of the electro-optical mixing output over one hour is better than 0.3% RMS (root mean square), which is excellent. Additionally, we generate up to 22 dBm of the total average output power with an optical conversion gain of 32 dB, while achieving a record output optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) up to 77 dB. On the other hand, at the SOA–MZI output, the 128 quadratic amplitude modulation (128-QAM) signal at an intermediate frequency (IF), f1, is up-mixed to higher output frequencies nf ± f1. The advantages of the resulting 128-QAM mixed signal during electrical conversion gains (ECGs) and error vector magnitudes (EVMs) are also evaluated. The performed empirical SOA-MZI mixing can operate up to 118.5 GHz in its high-frequency range. The positive and almost constant conversion gains are achieved. Indeed, the obtained conversion gain values are very close across the entire range of output frequencies. The largest frequency range achieved during experimental work is 118.5 GHz, where the EVM achieves 6% at a symbol rate of 10 GSymb/s. Moreover, the peak data rate of the 128-QAM up mixed signal can reach 70 GBit/s. Finally, the study of the simultaneous electro-optical mixing system is accepted with unmatched performance improvement.

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“…En el caso de considerar la existencia de un EDFA previo al receptor, aparece entre otros el ruido de batido entre el OL y la emisión espontánea amplificada (ASE) del amplificador [20,97]. Este término de ruido tiene la expresión: < Ifo-sp >= 2ep5eP,oCo(l -AAKf){2n^)G{G -1)L' (9.6) donde G es la ganancia del amplificador, mientras L son las pérdidas a compensar entre el amplificador y el receptor, n^p es el factor de emisión espontánea.…”

Section: Receptoresunclassified

“…Este término es proporcional a 2njp según la ecuación 9.6. El factor 2 tiene su origen en el hecho de que la señal IF resultante tras el heterodinaje contiene tanto la mezcla del OL con el espectro ASE de la señal a detectar como con el espectro ASE de la señal imagen [97,100,101]. Eliminando el ruido de batido del OL y el ASE de la señal imagen, se mejora la figura de ruido en 3dB, y por tanto la sensibilidad del receptor.…”

Section: Receptores Balanceados Con Rechazo De Imagenunclassified

Contribución al desarrollo de dispositivos y estructuras fotónicas con amplificación para procesado óptico.

García¹

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3.2.3 Función de transferencia sin polos 42 3.2.4 Función de transferencia con ceros y polos 44 3.3 Aplicaciones 47 3.4 Conclusiones 49 LINEA DE RETARDO DOBLE CON AMPLIFICACIÓN 51 4.1 Análisis de la LRRDA 52 4.1.1 Descripción de la configuración 52 4.1.2 Función de transferencia 53 4.1.3 Descomposición de la LRRDA 57 4.1.4 Localización de los máximos y mínimos del sistema 60 4.1.5 Estabilidad de la LRRDA 61 4.2 Confirmación experimental 62 4.2.1 Línea de retardo doble recirculante pasiva 62 4.2.2 LRRDA con amplificación 64 4.3 Influencia de los parámetros en la función de transferencia 67 4.4 Conclusiones 71 ACOPLADORES INTERFERENCIALES MULTIMODO I 73 5.1 Teoría de las imágenes 75 5.1.1 Aberraciones 76 5.2 Estudio modal con el método del índice efectivo 77 5.2.1 Diseño de acopladores MMI 81 5.2.2 Mejoras al diseño de acopladores MMI 85 5.2.3 Estudio de las tolerancias de los acopladores MMI 86 5.3 Conclusiones ACOPLADORES INTERFERENCIALES MULTIMODO II. 6.1 Estudio modal con el método de los elementos finitos 6.1.1 Estudio de la ecuación de ondas escalar por el método de los elementos finitos 6.1.2 Estudio modal de los acopladores MMI 6.2 Comparación entre métodos modales 6.

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Optical amplifier noise figure in a coherent optical transmission system

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

A noiseless amplifier paradox

A noiseless amplifier paradox

Establishment of an Electro-Optical Mixing Design on a Photonic SOA-MZI Using a Differential Modulation Arrangement

Contribución al desarrollo de dispositivos y estructuras fotónicas con amplificación para procesado óptico.

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