Optical and Acoustic Sensor-Based 3D Ball Motion Estimation for Ball Sport Simulators †

Abstract

Estimation of the motion of ball-shaped objects is essential for the operation of ball sport simulators. In this paper, we propose an estimation system for 3D ball motion, including speed and angle of projection, by using acoustic vector and infrared (IR) scanning sensors. Our system is comprised of three steps to estimate a ball motion: sound-based ball firing detection, sound source localization, and IR scanning for motion analysis. First, an impulsive sound classification based on the mel-frequency cepstrum and feed-forward neural network is introduced to detect the ball launch sound. An impulsive sound source localization using a 2D microelectromechanical system (MEMS) microphones and delay-and-sum beamforming is presented to estimate the firing position. The time and position of a ball in 3D space is determined from a high-speed infrared scanning method. Our experimental results demonstrate that the estimation of ball motion based on sound allows a wider activity area than similar camera-based methods. Thus, it can be practically applied to various simulations in sports such as soccer and baseball.

Big Data Energy Consumption Monitoring Technology of Obese Individuals Based on MEMS Sensor

“…Among them, A, B, U k , P ðkjk−1Þ , P ðk−1jk−1Þ , Q ðkÞ represents the matrix coefficient, the control quantity of current state, the covariance of X ðkjk−1Þ and X ðk−1jk−1Þ , and the covariance of k-value estimation process. On the basis of formula (3), the angle measurement model equation is established for prior estimation, and the established equation is shown in formula (5).…”

“…The time and position of the ball in three-dimensional space are determined by high-speed infrared scanning method. The experimental results show that the sound based ball motion estimation has a larger range of motion than the camera based method [5]. Nguyen et al proposed a MEMS based pressure sensor, which can simultaneously measure blood pulse wave and respiratory rate with only one sensor element.…”

Screen-Based Sports Simulation Using Acoustic Source Localization

“…An accurate estimation of ball positions using acoustic source localization requires several preprocessing steps as follows: calibration for all MEMS microphones and impulsive sound detection and recognition to distinguish it from surrounding noises and other unwanted sounds. Further details of these steps are described in [10]. Figure 3 shows an overview of the proposed system to estimate the 3D location of an impulsive acoustic source.…”

“…The technique of acoustic location was first utilized as an air defensive device during World War I with the aim of tracking the position of enemy aircraft. In recent years, acoustic source localization has been adopted in various industrial fields such as sonar [8], car repair service [9], sports simulators [10], and musical instruments [11]. Different types of localization estimation methods have been developed for each purpose.…”