Optical and Electrochemical Properties of Self-Organized TiO2 Nanotube Arrays From Anodized Ti−6Al−4V Alloy

Abstract

Due to their high specific surface area and advanced properties, TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) have a great significance for production and storage of energy. In this paper, TiO2 NTs were synthesized from anodization of Ti-6Al-4V alloy at 60 V for 3 h in fluoride ethylene glycol electrolyte by varying the water content and further annealing treatment. The morphological, structural, optical and electrochemical performances of TiO2 NTs were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy and electrochemical characterization techniques. By varying the water content in the solution, a honeycomb and porous structure was obtained at low water content and the presence of (α + β) phase in Ti-6Al-4V alloy caused not uniform etching. With an additional increase in water content, a nanotubular structure is formed in the (α + β) phases with different morphological parameters. The anatase TiO2 NTs synthesized with 20 wt% H2O shows an improvement in absorption band that extends into the visible region due the presence of vanadium oxide in the structure and the effective band gap energy (Eg) value of 2.25 eV. The TiO2 NTs electrode also shows a good cycling performance, delivering a reversible capacity of 82 mAh.g−1 (34 μAh.cm−2.μm−1) at 1C rate over 50 cycles.

Electrochemical Evaluation of the Compact and Nanotubular Oxide Layer Destruction under Ex Vivo Ti6Al4V ELI Transpedicular Screw Implantation

“…Previous attempts to elaborate the mechanical degradation of TNT during implantation were carried out using flat foil [9,[14][15][16][17], on Ti, Ti6Al4V, and Ti6Al7Nb screws [19][20][21][22][23] using a nanoindenter test [37], wear test [6,36], or practical implantation of the screws to the bone. The implantation was carried out by inserting a screw into a bone and removing it, which caused double abrasion of the nanotube layer, and prevented TNT characterization inside the bone immediately after implantation.…”

“…Interestingly, diameters of the nanotubular features increased toward the base of the nanotubes as opposed to the commonly observed tapered nanotubular morphology. Attempts to fabricate a nanotubular layer on the Ti6Al4V alloy by anodizing in ethylene glycol solution were performed by Saharudin et al [16] and Fraoucene et al [17]. With an increase in water content, the nanotubular structure is formed in the α + β phases with different morphological parameters.…”

Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Electropolymerized Self-Organized TiO2 Nanotubes Fabricated by Anodization of Ti Grid

“…More recently, all-solid-state microbatteries have attracted intense attention for powering miniaturized electronics such as wireless sensors and a wide range of applications for the Internet of Things (IoT) [5][6][7][8]. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is an attractive and versatile material that is used in many technologies due to its unique properties such as high surface area, electronic properties, biocompatibility, and environmental well-being [9,10]. Particularly, synthesis of nanostructured TiO 2 such as nanotubes, nanowires, and nanofibers has raised interest lately compared to the conventional microstructures due to their high surface-to-volume ratio [11][12][13].…”

Ti6Al4V foams having nanotubular surfaces for orthopaedic applications

“…Basically, anodization is the electrochemical oxidation of valve metals by providing an electrical field in certain electrolytes. When fluorinated electrolytes are used to anodize Ti6Al4V, oxide‐based nanotubular arrays form on its surfaces . Specifically, Macak et al used 1M (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 electrolyte containing 0.5 wt % of NH 4 F to obtain self‐organized nanotubular oxide layers having thicknesses of several hundreds of nanometers.…”

“…When fluorinated electrolytes are used to anodize Ti6Al4V, oxide-based nanotubular arrays form on its surfaces. 14 Ti6Al4V alloy in the potential range of 5 to 60 V at room temperature for 30 minutes and observed nanotubes to possess diameters between 25 and 110 nm depending on the utilized potential. In vitro biological tests showed that anodized Ti6Al4V surfaces having nanotubular morphology enhanced bone cell adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen type I, and calcium mineral deposition compared with conventional Ti6Al4V samples.…”