Optical and Infrared Nondetection of the<i>z</i>= 10 Galaxy behind Abell 1835

Smith, Graham P.; Sand, David J.; Egami, Eiichi; Stern, Daniel; Eisenhardt, Peter

doi:10.1086/497979

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…15 months earlier. The reality of our initial photometric detections is not questioned by Bremer et al who reconfirm it using our data, although the photometric properties of this source are still a matter of debate (Lehnert et al 2005;Smith et al 2006). The detection in 3 bands where the object is redetected, including our new S Z images (see Table C.2), makes a spurious event highly unlikely (about 12% probability, from our estimates given in Table B.1).…”

Section: Individual Objects In Abell 1835supporting

confidence: 57%

Constraining the population of $6 \la {z} \la 10$ star-forming galaxies with deep near-IR images of lensing clusters

Richard¹,

Pelló²,

Schaerer

et al. 2006

A&A

227

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We present the first results of our deep survey of lensing clusters aimed at constraining the abundance of star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 6−10, using lensing magnification to improve the search efficiency and subsequent spectroscopic studies. Deep near-IR photometry of two lensing clusters (A1835 and AC114) was obtained with ISAAC/VLT. These images, combined with existing data in the optical bands including HST images, were used to select very high redshift candidates at z > ∼ 6 among the optical-dropouts. Photometric selection criteria have been defined based on the well-proven dropout technique, specifically tuned to target star-forming galaxies in this redshift domain. We have identified 18(8) first and second-category optical dropouts in A1835 (AC114), detected in more than one filter up to H (Vega) ∼ 23.8 (AB ∼ 25.2, uncorrected for lensing). Among them, 8(5) exhibit homogeneous SEDs compatible with star-forming galaxies at z > ∼ 6, and 5(1) are more likely intermediate-redshift EROs based on luminosity considerations. We have also identified a number of fainter sources in these fields fulfilling our photometric selection and located around the critical lines. We use all these data to make a first attempt at constraining the density of star-forming galaxies present at 6 < ∼ z < ∼ 10 using lensing clusters. Magnification effects and sample incompleteness are addressed through a careful modeling of the lensing clusters. A correction was also introduced to account for the expected fraction of false-positive detections among this photometric sample. It appears that the number of candidates found in these lensing fields, corrected for magnification, incompleteness and false-positive detections, is higher than the one achieved in blank fields with similar photometric depth in the near-IR. The luminosity function derived for z > ∼ 6 candidates appears compatible with that of LBGs at z 3, without any renormalization. The turnover observed by Bouwens et al. (2005) towards the bright end relative to the z ∼ 3 LF is not observed in this sample. Also the upper limit for the UV SFR density at z ∼ 6−10, integrated down to L 1500 = 0.3 L * z=3 , of ρ = 7.4 × 10 −2 M yr −1 Mpc −3 is compatible with the usual values derived at z 5−6, but higher than the estimates obtained in the NICMOS Ultra Deep Field (UDF). The same holds for the upper limit of the SFR density in the z 8−10 interval (ρ = 1.1 × 10 −1 ). This systematic trend towards the bright end of the LF with respect to blank fields could be due to field-to-field variance, a positive magnification bias from intermediate-redshift EROs, and/or residual contamination. Given the low S/N ratio of the high-z candidates, and the large correction factors applied to this sample, increasing the number of blank and lensing fields with ultra-deep near-IR photometry is essential to obtain more accurate constraints on the abundance of z > ∼ 6 galaxies.

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Section: Individual Objects In Abell 1835supporting

confidence: 57%

Constraining the population of $6 \la {z} \la 10$ star-forming galaxies with deep near-IR images of lensing clusters

Richard¹,

Pelló²,

Schaerer

et al. 2006

A&A

227

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“…The burden of proof that a detected line is (1) real and (2) truly arises from a highly redshifted Ly emission line is very great given earlier controversies (Pelló et al 2004;Bremer et al 2004;Smith et al 2006). So far as the identification process is concerned, the key issue is to ensure that candidate emission features are not spurious and do not arise from detector artifacts (Weatherley et al 2004).…”

Section: Identification and Reality Of The Candidate Ly Emittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the faint limits now being probed, we have found the reliable identification and verification of distant Lymanα emitters to be a very challenging endeavor, even with the most powerful facilities available to us. The burden of proof that a detected line is (a) real and (b) truly arises from a highly-redshifted Lyman-α emission line is very great given earlier controversies (Pelló et al 2004;Bremer et al 2004;Smith et al 2006). So far as the identification process is concerned, the key issue is to ensure candidate emission features are not spurious and do not arise from detector artefacts Weatherley et al (2004).…”

Section: Identification and Reality Of The Candidate Lyman-α Emittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Keck Survey for Gravitationally Lensed Lyα Emitters in the Redshift Range 8.5 < z < 10.4: New Constraints on the Contribution of Low‐Luminosity Sources to Cosmic Reionization

Stark

Ellis

Richard

et al. 2007

ApJ

Self Cite

159

161

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We discuss new observational constraints on the abundance of faint high-redshift Ly emitters secured from a deep Keck near-infrared spectroscopic survey that utilizes the strong magnification provided by lensing galaxy clusters. In each of nine clusters, we have undertaken a systematic ''blind'' search for line emission with NIRSPEC in the J band within carefully selected regions that offer very high magnifications (k10; Y50;) for background sources with redshifts z ' 10. The high magnification enables the detection of emission at unprecedented flux limits (10 41 Y10 42 ergs s À1 ). As the comoving volumes probed are small, our survey is designed to address the important question of whether low-luminosity galaxies could provide the dominant ionizing flux at z $ 10. Our survey has yielded six promising (>5 ) candidate Ly emitters that lie between z = 8.7 and z = 10.2. We carefully discuss the validity of our detections and the likelihood that the detected line is Ly in light of earlier, apparently false, claims. Lower redshift line interpretations can be excluded, with reasonable assumptions, through the nondetection of secondary emission in further spectroscopy undertaken with LRIS and NIRSPEC. Nonetheless, as a result of our tests, we argue that at least two of our candidates are likely to be at z ' 10. Given the small survey volume, this suggests there is a large abundance of low-luminosity star-forming sources at z ' 8Y10. While the predicted reionization photon budget depends upon a large number of physical assumptions, our first glimpse at the z ' 10 universe suggests that low-luminosity starforming galaxies contribute a significant proportion of the UV photons necessary for cosmic reionization.

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“…From a lensing point of view, A 1835 is a well known strong-gravitational lens, with many very thin long gravitational arcs seen in the HST/WFPC2 image. Several of them have been identified spectroscopically (Richard et al 2003;Pelló et al 2004;Smith et al 2006), in particular a controversial z = 10.0 galaxy. A weak lensing study of this cluster was carried out by with the Wide Field Imager (WFI) on the ESO/MPG 2.2 m telescope.…”

Section: B8 Abell 1835mentioning

confidence: 99%

A CFH12k lensing survey of X-ray luminous galaxy clusters

Bardeau

Soucail²,

Kneib

et al. 2007

A&A

143

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Aims. We present a wide-field multi-color survey of a homogeneous sample of eleven clusters of galaxies for which we measure total masses and mass distributions from weak lensing. This sample, spanning a small range in both X-ray luminosity and redshift, is ideally suited to determining the normalisation of scaling relations between X-ray properties of clusters and their masses (the M − T X and the M − L X relations) and also estimating the scatter in these relations at a fixed luminosity. Methods. The eleven clusters in our sample are all X-ray luminous and span a narrow redshift range at z = 0.21 ± 0.04. The weak lensing analysis of the sample is based on ground-based wide-field imaging obtained with the CFH12k camera on CFHT. We use the methodology developed and applied previously on the massive cluster Abell 1689. A Bayesian method, implemented in the Im2shape software, is used to fit the shape parameters of the faint background galaxies and to correct for PSF smearing. A multi-color selection of the background galaxies is applied to retrieve the weak lensing signal, resulting in a background density of sources of ∼10 galaxies per square arc minute. With the present data, shear profiles are measured in all clusters out to at least 2 Mpc (more than 15 from the center) with high confidence. The radial shear profiles are fitted with different parametric mass profiles and the virial mass M 200 is estimated for each cluster and then compared to other physical properties. X relation is close to the one expected from hydrodynamical simulations of cluster formation as well as previous X-ray analyses. We suggest that the dispersion in the M 200 − T X and M 200 − L X relations reflects the different merging and dynamical histories for clusters of similar X-ray luminosities and intrinsic variations in their measured masses. Improved statistics of clusters over a wider mass range are required for a better control of the intrinsic scatter in scaling relations.

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Optical and Infrared Nondetection of thez= 10 Galaxy behind Abell 1835

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Constraining the population of $6 \la {z} \la 10$ star-forming galaxies with deep near-IR images of lensing clusters

Constraining the population of $6 \la {z} \la 10$ star-forming galaxies with deep near-IR images of lensing clusters

A Keck Survey for Gravitationally Lensed Lyα Emitters in the Redshift Range 8.5 < z < 10.4: New Constraints on the Contribution of Low‐Luminosity Sources to Cosmic Reionization

A CFH12k lensing survey of X-ray luminous galaxy clusters

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