Optical and thermal characterisation of cool asphalts to mitigate urban temperatures and building cooling demand

Due to the ongoing global warming, heat mitigation strategies are becoming implemented through practice and simulations. These efforts aim to make the cities that are dealing with the urban heat island more livable. The effect of heat mitigation strategies on climate condition and energy consumption have been studied and compared, previously. In this paper, the effect of these strategies on human thermal comfort in urban open spaces is reviewed. Specifically, the review is focused on vegetation (in the form of parks, street trees, green roofs and green walls), and highly reflective materials (on roof and on the ground level) as the most common strategies for improving the thermal conditions in cities. Several studies done by simulation or through field measurement in different countries are described. The most important finding of the review is the fact that although highly reflective materials reduce air temperature in urban open spaces, they increase the re-radiation of sun to the pedestrians. Therefore, vegetation is a better choice for improving thermal comfort in the pedestrian level.

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“…Air temperature reduction of 1.9 K and surface temperature reduction of 12 K by application of 4500 m 2 cool pavements [82] 2013 Rome, Italy…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carnielo and Zinzi [82] tested asphalt pavements with different surface colors. They measured the surface temperatures in Rome, Italy, during August 2011.…”

Section: Reflective Ground Pavementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outdoor thermal comfort by different heat mitigation strategies- A review

Taleghani

2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

256

115

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“…Changes in the thermal environment were examined by applying various design factors [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Field studies and experiments, surveys of pedestrians, and programs to evaluate the improvement in thermal comfort have been conducted [19][20][21][22][23]. The results were based on thermal comfort indices such as the predicted mean vote (PMV) and physiological equivalent temperature (PET), as well as the three-dimensional non-hydrostatic model ENVI-met and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deduction of Optimum Surface Design Factors for Enhancement of Outdoor Thermal Environment in a Micro-Scale Unit

Jung

Yoon

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:To solve some of the problems associated with changing urban climates, such as the heat island effect, the exterior building skin and ground surfaces should be analyzed because they are directly exposed to the outdoor climate and have the greatest impact on energy consumption. Research is needed to identify design factors to improve the effect of a building's skin in the outdoor summer season's thermal environment. In this study, the current conditions of outdoor thermal environments were identified by conducting field measurements at an apartment housing complex. A simulation analysis was conducted based on cases that included different design factors for a building's skin and ground surfaces. When the significance probability of the design factors for the surface plans for apartment buildings and surface cover was analyzed based on the Taguchi experimental design method, the window plan and surface cover plan influenced the outdoor thermal environment. Notably, the surface cover plan had the most significant impact on the outdoor thermal environment. The result of the analysis of the correlation between the design factors for an apartment complex's surface plans and outdoor thermal environment indices showed that the window plan correlated with the entire surface temperature of building and heat island potential (HIP).

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“…The ENVI-met model is normally utilized to simulate urban and landscaped environments in terms of potential air and surface temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, wind speed, and other variables. The ENVI-met model has also been employed to examine the effect of greenery [17], [18] and paved areas [19], [20] on the thermal environment. Most investigations have focused on either the effect of vegetation and pavements on the environment or the differences between thermal stress in the current state and those in various scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on the Cooling Effects of Greening for Improving the Outdoor Thermal Environment in Penang, Malaysia

Tukiran¹

2017

GEOMATE

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Shade tree coverage and reflective pavements are useful mitigation strategies to help cool the air and provide shade. It also helps to lower building energy consumption by providing better outdoor boundary conditions. This study presents a simulation approach to evaluate and determine the cooling effect of greening modification developments of a study area on the surrounding environment. This study presents two approaches, including an on-site measurement and a numerical simulation model that uses ENVI-met V 4.0 BETA. Five scenarios with different types of tree coverage and density canopy by adding reflective pavements at ground surface are used. This study was conducted at the RST Complex of Universiti Sains Malaysia. The simulation results showed significantly lower air temperatures in three greening scenarios compared to the current condition scenario with 10% tree coverage. Increasing 20% of tree coverage with less dense and high dense of canopy in the study area led to a maximum air temperature reduction of up to 0.97 °C and 1.15 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, increasing 20% tree coverage with a highly dense canopy and applying reflective pavements on the ground surface contributed to a maximum air temperature reduction of up to 1.16 °C. The outcome of this study could be used to help urban planners and designers to select strategies for designing outdoor spaces to relieve heat stress with the main aim of improving the outdoor living environment.

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Optical and thermal characterisation of cool asphalts to mitigate urban temperatures and building cooling demand

Cited by 167 publications

References 24 publications

Outdoor thermal comfort by different heat mitigation strategies- A review

Outdoor thermal comfort by different heat mitigation strategies- A review

Deduction of Optimum Surface Design Factors for Enhancement of Outdoor Thermal Environment in a Micro-Scale Unit

A Study on the Cooling Effects of Greening for Improving the Outdoor Thermal Environment in Penang, Malaysia

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