Optical bands and energy levels of ion in the nonlinear laser crystal

Abstract

In this paper the polarized optical spectra (absorption and fluorescence) of the Nd 3+ ion in the YAl 3 (BO 3 ) 4 nonlinear crystal have been systematically investigated at low (10 K) and room temperature. Most energy levels of Nd 3+ in this crystal ( 103) have been identified and conveniently labelled with their crystal field quantum numbers, µ = 1/2 and µ = 3/2. The radiative emitting states have been identified. Analysing the optical absorption spectra with the anisotropic Judd-Ofelt theory, the radiative lifetimes and branching ratios from the metastable state 4 F 3/2 have been calculated. Then, relevant spectroscopic parameters (quantum efficiency and emission cross sections) for laser applications have been estimated. Infrared to visible up-conversion is reported for the first time in this host crystal.

Laser crystals and ceramics: recent advances

“…d) In [421] blue radiation was observed from β-YAl3(BO3)4:Nd 3+ crystal (cut at ∼ 38 • ) at three closed wavelengths around 0.4549 µm which was explained as self-FD of laser emission at ∼ 0.91 µm wavelengths of the 4 F3/2 → 4 I9/2 channel. Unfortunately, these data do not agree with Stark levels of Nd 3+ ions in this non-centrosymmetric crystal given in [422,423]. e) Diffuse self-FD phenomenon was observed in this crystal with randomly distributed quasi-cylindrical ferroelectric domains.…”

Crystal structures and magnetic properties of lanthanide containing borates LnM(BO3)2 (Ln=Y, Ho–Lu; M=Sc, Cr)

“…In particular, the LnM 3 (BO 3 ) 4 (M = Al, Sc, Cr, Fe, Ga) with the huntite CaMg 3 (CO 3 ) 4 related structures are extensively studied because of their interesting optical properties (M = Al) [1], the structural and magnetic phase transitions [2], and multiferroic properties [3] (M = Fe).…”

Colour change of co-doped yttrium aluminium borate crystals under illumination with different white light sources

“…3+ . An assignment of the narrow f-bands is possible by comparison with the free ion energy level diagrams of Nd 3+ [7] and Ho 3+ [27] which are presented in Fig. 3.…”

“…The calculated colours for the four materials under the seven light sources are given in Table 2. [27] and [7], respectively.…”

“…Rare-earth and transition metal doped materials can be used as lasers because of their outstanding optical properties and have been investigated before, e.g. Ho:YAB [2], Nd:YAB [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], Cr:YAB [11][12][13][14][15], YAB with other dopants [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and very recently also co-doped Gadolinium aluminium borate (GAB), a material with similar properties that is isostructural to YAB [23,24]. However, there are no reports in the literature on the co-doped materials Ho,Nd:YAB, Ho,Cr:YAB, Nd,Cr:YAB and Ho,Nd,Cr:YAB presented here.…”