Optical Characteristics of Natural Waters Protect Amphibians from UV-B in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

Palen, Wendy J.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Adams, Michael J.; Pearl, Christopher A.; Bury, R. Bruce; Diamond, Stephen A.

doi:10.2307/3071829

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…DOC attenuates short‐wave light, which has both negative (light attenuation, various photoproducts) and positive effects (nutrient release, photoprotection) for primary producers (Palen et al . ; Kelly et al . ; Thrane, Hessen & Andersen ; Karlsson et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This poses a multitude of impacts on physical, chemical and biological properties in lakes (Williamson et al 2015). DOC attenuates short-wave light, which has both negative (light attenuation, various photoproducts) and positive effects (nutrient release, photoprotection) for primary producers (Palen et al 2002;Kelly et al 2014;Thrane, Hessen & Andersen 2014;Karlsson et al 2015;Seekell, Lapierre & Karlsson 2015). Photoactivated DOC is known to release free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS; Cooper & Zika 1983;Scully, McQueen & Lean 1996;Richard et al 2007), which may induce membrane and DNA damages in plankton (Cooke et al 2003;Vehmaa et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of dissolved organic carbon and ultraviolet radiation on the genomic integrity of Daphnia magna

et al. 2016

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Summary Many northern freshwaters are currently experiencing a pronounced ‘browning’, that is an increase in terrestrially derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Chromophoric DOC offers protection against photodamage by absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation (UVR), but may also produce free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) following photoactivation. The aim of this study was to explore the combined effects of DOC and UVR on DNA integrity of limnetic zooplankton. Specifically, DNA strand breaks in the cladoceran Daphnia magna were investigated. DNA strand breaks were assessed using comet assays with treatment of individual daphnids. A four‐by‐four design was used for exposure to DOC (2·03, 5, 10 and 20 mg L−1), UVA (0, 10·8, 21·7 and 43·4 μmol m−2 s−1 at 390 nm) and their combinations. ROS production from photoactivated DOC was quantified using a modified DCFH‐DA in vitro ROS detection assay. While UVA had no effects on DNA damage above background levels (4·5–2·8%), we observed increased DNA damage in DOC treatments (4·1–9·1%). The highest increase was observed in combined DOC and UVA treatments (up to 20·2%). ROS production showed similar patterns, as simultaneous exposure to both DOC and UVA resulted in higher formation rates than exposure to DOC and UVA alone (up to 684·5 μmol L−1 vs. 5·9 to 13·1 and 27·5 to 83·9 μmol L−1, respectively). This indicates that the observed increase in DNA damage was due to ROS production of photoactivated DOC. This study showed that strong interactive effects of short‐wave radiation and DOC could have major genomic impacts on pelagic biota. With future scenarios of increased DOC, our study points towards increasing oxidative stress for ecosystems. These findings highlight an important aspect of climate change at the intersection between ecology, limnology and toxicology. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.12730/suppinfo is available for this article.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of dissolved organic carbon and ultraviolet radiation on the genomic integrity of Daphnia magna

et al. 2016

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“…, 2004). UV wavelengths attenuate with water depth and dissolved organic carbon concentration (Kirk, 1986; Palen et al. , 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preference for microhabitats with low UV-B exposure is another mechanism by which larvae can protect themselves against UV-B damage (Garcia et al, 2004). UV wavelengths attenuate with water depth and dissolved organic carbon concentration (Kirk, 1986;Palen et al, 2002). Larvae at high elevations can reduce UV-B exposure by choosing deeper microhabitats, or spending more time in refugia, thereby limiting the need for colour or activity based defence strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlated trait responses to multiple selection pressures in larval amphibians reveal conflict avoidance strategies

Garcia¹,

Paoletti²,

Blaustein³

2009

Freshwater Biology

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1. Larval amphibians frequently experience simultaneous, conflicting selection pressures from ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation and predation risk, two stressors that can select for opposing defence strategies. When both UV-B and predators are present, individuals can reconcile potential conflicts by correlating particular trait responses (e.g. combining dark or light body colouration with increased or decreased activity rates to create an appropriate multiple stressor strategy). Optimal combinations of body colour and activity rate are predicted to change across an elevation gradient with increasing UV-B exposure. 2. In this study, we tested how larval amphibians combine changes in body colouration and activity rates to create a correlated response to potentially conflicting selection pressures. We quantified activity and colour response in two amphibian species, the pacific treefrog (Hyla regilla) and the long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum), from both high and low elevation populations, and exposed individuals to both a common predator and naturally relevant levels of UV-B. 3. Hyla regilla and A. macrodactylum individuals from low elevation populations responded with correlated response strategies while high elevation populations did not. Low elevation H. regilla coupled decreased activity rates to reduce predator detection with dark body colouration to screen out UV-B. Low elevation A. macrodactylum adopted cryptic colouration when predators were present and decreased activity in response to UV-B. Individuals from high elevation H. regilla and A. macrodactylum populations responded only with changes in activity and not colour change. 4. The observed population differences may reflect variation in selection strengths across an elevation gradient. High elevation habitats may require individuals to focus defence efforts on the greatest potential risk. Additionally, pigmentation changes may not be an adequate defence in these UV-B intense habitats.

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“…. DOC concentration also varies considerably among amphibian breeding habitats (Adams et al 2001, Palen et al 2002. identify a complete chain of events whereby climate change causes wholesale mortality in an amphibian population'' (Pounds 2001 of populations of B. boreas in Oregon (Olson 2001), and exposure to UV-B is controlled by factors other than water depth alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Breeding Phenology Affects the Exposure of Amphibian Embryos to Ultraviolet Radiation

Corn

Muths

2002

Ecology

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Reduced water depth in dry years has been proposed to interact with ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation and a pathogenic fungus to cause episodes of high mortality of amphibian embryos. Observations of breeding phenology of boreal chorus frogs (Pseudacris maculata) in Colorado from 1986 to 2001 show that dry years result in earlier breeding. The earliest and latest dates of maximum calling activity by males were 20 May and 16 June, and the date of maximum calling was strongly related to the amount of snow accumulation during the winter. Surface UV-B flux, estimated from satellite-based measurements, was positively related to date of maximum calling. In dry years, surface UV-B during calling was reduced by an amount similar to that attributed to reduced depth. Although there was a significant trend of increasing UV-B from 1978 to 2001 on the average date (2 June) of maximum calling activity, there was no relationship between year and surface UV-B at actual dates of maximum calling. Exposure to extreme temperatures is an alternative explanation for increased mortality of amphibian embryos in shallow water.

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Optical Characteristics of Natural Waters Protect Amphibians from UV-B in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

The influence of dissolved organic carbon and ultraviolet radiation on the genomic integrity of Daphnia magna

The influence of dissolved organic carbon and ultraviolet radiation on the genomic integrity of Daphnia magna

Correlated trait responses to multiple selection pressures in larval amphibians reveal conflict avoidance strategies

Variable Breeding Phenology Affects the Exposure of Amphibian Embryos to Ultraviolet Radiation

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