“…Red–NIR radiation (excitation/emission) is not (or negligibly) absorbed by biological samples, increases penetration depth in tissues, and avoids problems of light scattering background, etc., and so are most preferred for imaging applications . These limitations have encouraged researchers to investigate other fluoride matrices, for example, LaF 3 , NaGdF 4 , NaLuF 4 , KY 3 F 10 , CaF 2 , NaLuF 4 , BaLuF 5 , KGdF 4 , NaScF 4 , etc., for the suitable emission in red–NIR region. − …”