Optical Clearing of Biological Tissues with a Number of Disaccharides

An optical clearing imaging window: Realization of mouse brain imaging and manipulation through scalp and skull

“…34 More following studies indicated that the disaccharides showed a better skin optical clearing capability than monosaccharide. 42,43 Our results again shows that sucrose has a better optical clearing effect for scalp tissue than fructose, and sucroseþPEG-400 can further improve imaging performance of subcutaneous vessels in the dorsal skin of mouse. 44 Additionally, the majority of OCAs use pure water as the solvent.…”

Optical clearing of human skin: Molecular modeling and in vivo OCT study

“…The results of molecular modeling suggest that the interaction of OCA with collagen leads to a partial replacement of collagen-bound water. This leads to an increase in the volume of the collagen fibril [6], which, in turn, reduces the average refractive index, which makes it possible to better match their average refractive index 1.05 ± 0.12 Ribose À144.9 0.94 ± 0.15 [26] Glucose À176.2 1.55 ± 0.20 [26] Fructose À153.5 1.52 ± 0.37 [26] Glycerol À110.3 0.69 ± 0.17 [26] Abbreviations: EOC, efficiency of optical clearing; OCA, optical clearing agents.…”

“…As in earlier works [6,[25][26][27], the same structure of collagen mimetic peptide (GPH) 3 was used in the simulation [34]. This peptide represents the largest portion of the regular domains of human collagen.…”

“…Further studies in this area are aimed for understanding the physical and biophysical processes that underlie the mechanisms of OC at the molecular level [4,6,22,[25][26][27], which, in turn, should make it possible to find new effective OCAs that have desired properties and are optimal for a particular type of tissue.…”