Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: A 2023 Focused Update on Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Abstract

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has extensively enhanced our comprehension of eye microcirculation and of its associated diseases. In this narrative review, we explored the key concepts behind OCTA, as well as the most recent evidence in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) made possible by OCTA. These recommendations were updated since the publication in 2020, and are targeted for 2023. Importantly, as a future perspective in OCTA technology, we will discuss how artificial intelligence has been applied to OCTA, with a particular emphasis on its application to AMD study.

Choriocapillaris Impairment, Visual Function, and Distance to Fovea in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: ALSTAR2 Baseline

“…14 OCTA generates depth-resolved flow signal through motion contrast derived from reflectivity changes in sequential B-scans. 22 , 23 Improved scan speed, signal compensation, projection artifact removal, and analytic tools make quantification achievable. 22 In early- and intermediate-AMD eyes, OCTA shows reduced choriocapillaris flow signal compared to age-matched normal eyes, 24 , 25 worsening with stages of non-neovascular AMD, 26 association with extracellular deposits, 27 – 30 and association with poorer steady-state scotopic sensitivity.…”