Optical coherence tomography angiography of retinal vasculature in recovered COVID-19 patients compared to age and ethnic matched controls

Investigation of changes in retinal vascular parameters and choroidal vascular index values during the early recovery period of COVID-19: The COVID-OCTA study

“…On the other hand, some studies showed no significant difference between the COVID-19 and control groups in some studies [26] , [27] , [28] , and even Naderi Beni et al found no significant difference between the recovered COVID-19 group and the control group by pairwise comparisons. However, when parameters such as age, gender, axial length, and signal strength index (SSI) were adjusted, they observed that vascular density increased in parafoveal and perifoveal SCP and DCP, on the contrary [29] .…”

Retinal Microvasculature Image Analysis Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome

“…As a result, any inferences about persistent changes in the retina may be limited in their generalisability. A prominent finding in these studies has been the reduction in the central vessel density (VD) in patients with COVID-19 infection as compared to control patients [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75].…”

“…OCT-angiography has demonstrated a range of retinal vascular changes, including enlargement of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and reduced macular vessel density, in diabetic retinopathy [80,81] but also specifically in patients with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75].For our study we chose outcome measures to reflect a comprehensive but relevant assessment based upon previous research and clinical experience. The final measured parameters are listed in Table 1.…”

“…Several studies have investigated the retinal vasculature of patients infected with COVID-19 using OCT-A to date. A key finding of note is reduction in the macular vessel density from as early as 2 weeks following the infection up to 8 months afterward [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75].…”