Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Cannabis Users

Dayi, Ali; Dayi, Özlem; Kurt, Emel; Yorguner, Neşe

doi:10.5080/u25205

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Orum et al found that patients with alcohol use show decrease in retinal fiber layers in comparison to non-alcoholic, and this decrease is associated with duration of alcohol use [35]. Similar thinning of the RNFL layers were reported in cocaine and cannabis users [38,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Kalenderoglu and Orum [32] found that RNFL thickness increased in patients with cannabis use and patients with multiple substance use compared to healthy controls. In contrast, another study reported decreased RNFL thickness in cannabis users [40]. Another study included patients with alcohol and tobacco dependency who had thinning in all quadrants of RNFL [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Degenerative brain changes associated with tramadol use: an optical coherence tomography study

Khalil,

Esmael

et al. 2023

Middle East Curr Psychiatry

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Background Tramadol—a synthetic opioid originally used as an analgesic—has been widely misused as an addictive drug in the middle east in the last twenty years. Brain changes associated with long-term tramadol use are understudied. This study aimed to detect the possible effects of tramadol use for at least one year on the brain. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a noninvasive measure can assess changes in retinal thickness which reflects degenerative changes in the brain. Methods Twenty-five patients fulfilling the tramadol use disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria were compared to 25 matched control subjects free of substance use disorders. Other psychiatric and medical conditions that may affect OCT were excluded from both groups. Patients were assessed using Addiction Severity Index; meanwhile, both groups were evaluated using OCT. Results Patients with tramadol use showed a lower thickness of most OCT parameters than healthy non-tramadol controls. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was not associated with tramadol dose, duration of use, or the age of first use. There were differences between the right and left eyes in RNFL and Ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness. Conclusions Long-term tramadol use is associated with decreased thickness of RNFL that can be a potential marker and an early sign for degeneration detected by noninvasive techniques like OCT.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Degenerative brain changes associated with tramadol use: an optical coherence tomography study

Khalil,

Esmael

et al. 2023

Middle East Curr Psychiatry

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“…The present study chose to use only the results of right eye for further analysis to decrease the complexity of the tables. Although there are some studies in which only one eye was selected 22 , 37 both eyes should be scanned, especially in the context of the brain asymmetry hypothesis in psychotic disorders. Besides, there can be differences between left and right eyes as it relates to retinal vasculature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Schizophrenia

Çakmak¹,

Kokaçya²

2022

ALPHA PSYCHIATRY

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Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the retinovascular structure of schizophrenia patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: 47 eyes of schizophrenia patients were compared with 50 eyes of demographically matched healthy controls in terms of OCTA measurements. Schizophrenia patients were evaluated in two groups as short-term (≤ 5years) and long-term (> 5years) according to the time elapsed after the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Results: Schizophrenia patients showed overall thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer and macula, and lower vessel density (VD) compared to controls. The results were significant for thickness measurements of general macula and for VD in specific areas ( P < 0.05); however, they were not significant for the RNFL measurements except the mean circumpapillary RNFL, which was noted to approach significance ( P = 0.055). Long-term patients showed significantly lower VD in the whole and perifoveal region of superficial capillary plexus, the whole, perifoveal and foveal region of deep capillary plexus, and the whole area and the disc of radial peripapillary capillaries compared to short-term patients ( P = 0.014, P = 0.009, P = 0.011, P = 0.010, P = 0.011, P = 0.035, P = 0.030). Conclusions: These findings suggest that schizophrenia may be a neurodegenerative disease with progressive microvascular involvement over the years, and that OCTA has the potential to be a useful tool in detecting retinovascular changes in patients with schizophrenia.

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“…15,16 Then, OCT studies were conducted to investigate the etiology of bipolar disorder (BD), major depression (MD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and even substance use disorders. 14,[17][18][19] Findings such as the presence of structural brain abnormalities that could be observed in both acute and remission stages of bipolar disorder (BD), structural cranial abnormalities during the first attack, and a progressive decrease in the total brain gray matter volume could be a sign of progressive neurodegeneration. 20 These findings led to a focus on retinal neural networks in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,22 The findings of the rapidly increasing studies demonstrated that retinal examination with OCT could be a valid, easily accessible, and non-invasive method to investigate brain pathology in neuropsychiatric disorders. 8,[17][18][19][20][21][22] Additionally, since it does not technically involve a closed area like CT or MR imaging, it may play a role in facilitating patient compliance in GAD, which is often accompanied by panic attacks and claustrophobia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal changes in generalized anxiety disorder patients

Baykara,

Kazğan,

Yıldırım

et al. 2023

Int J Psychiatry Med

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Objective Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a method that allows high-resolution cross-sectional imaging of biological tissues. It was suggested that changes in the cranial structure or functions would be reflected in the retina. OCT has been an important method in the diagnosis and follow-up of diseases via morphometric or quantitative retinal measurements. Free radicals, inflammatory processes, and neurotransmission disorders play a role in the etiology of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The study aimed to demonstrate the retinal changes in GAD patients due to neurodegeneration based on the comparison of the OCT data of the GAD patients and controls, and the differences between OCT findings of GAD patients and those of controls. Methods The study group included 21 GAD patients. The control group included 21 individuals without any known psychiatric or organic disease, including eye diseases. Results There was a statistically significant difference between the macular volumes (MV) of the GAD and control groups, the macular volume was lower in the GAD group. There were positive correlations between BDI scores and MV, GCLT, RNFLT-i, RNFLT-n, between BAE scores and (RNFLT-n), and between the CGI severity scale scores and MV, RNFLT-n, and RNFLT-t. Conclusion OCT analysis of the GAD patients demonstrated that MV values were lower when compared to the control group. Patients with GAD should be screened for these retinal changes. OCT, a simple, non-invasive, and relatively inexpensive method could be employed as a supplementary method in the follow-up of GAD patients.

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Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Cannabis Users

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Degenerative brain changes associated with tramadol use: an optical coherence tomography study

Degenerative brain changes associated with tramadol use: an optical coherence tomography study

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Schizophrenia

Retinal changes in generalized anxiety disorder patients

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