Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging for Diabetic Retinopathy and Macular Edema

Abstract

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging modality that uses low-coherent interferometry to visualize an optical cross-section of biological tissues. Over the past two decades, the ability to perform OCT imaging of the neural retina has afforded clinicians and researchers a highly reproducible method of diagnosing and following diabetic macular edema (DME) that compares favorably to other methods of DME assessment such as clinical examination and fundus photography. Although central subfield mean thickness has been the OCT parameter most commonly used to evaluate DME in clinical research trials, OCT also allows evaluation of morphologic changes that occur in DME, including compact retinal thickening, intraretinal cystic changes, subretinal fluid, and vitreomacular traction. OCT parameters have been shown to be only moderately correlated with visual acuity. However, improvements in technology leading to higher resolution, faster acquisition speed, image registration, and three-dimensional imaging that are available with newer spectral domain OCT models may allow future identification of valid OCT-derived surrogate markers for visual function in patients with diabetes.

Quantifying vascular density and morphology using different swept-source optical coherence tomography angiographic scan patterns in diabetic retinopathy

“…Fluorescein angiography is the gold standard for evaluating retinal vascular alterations in DR 3. However, as fluorescein angiography takes several minutes and requires intravenous dye injection, which may cause side effects, this technique is not suitable as a screening tool or for frequent longitudinal assessments 4.…”

Optical coherence tomography in diabetic macular edema: patterns and related risk factors

“…Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive modality which produces cross-sectional or three-dimensional, high-resolution images of the retinal layers and quantitative assessment of retinal thickness and other features of macular edema which correlate well with retinal histology as viewed by light microscopy especially by introducing the spectral domain (SD) OCT (Hee MR et al, 1998;Otani T et al, 1999;Yamamoto S et al, 2001;Buabbud JC et al, 2010). OCT has been widely used as a valuable tool for diagnosis and management of DME during the past two decades (Hee MR et al, 1998;Koozekanani D et al, 2000;Browning DJ et al, 2008).…”

A predictive screening tool to detect diabetic retinopathy or macular edema in primary health care: construction, validation and implementation on a mobile application

“…1. In the model we selected the three most clinically relevant variables, as we had 35 outcomes in our sample (Alasil et al, 2010; Buabbud, Al-latayfeh & Sun, 2010; Hermann et al, 2014; Varma et al, 2014; Palazón-Bru et al, 2015). …”