Optical coherence tomography monitoring and diagnosing retinal changes in multiple sclerosis

Mehmood, Arshad; Ali, Wajid; Song, Shuang; Din, Zaheer Ud; Guo, Ruoyi; Shah, Wahid; Ilahi, Ikram; Yin, Bowen; Yan, Hongjing; Zhang, Lu; Khan, Murad; Zeb, Liaqat; Safari, Hamidreza; Li, Bin

doi:10.1002/brb3.2302

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(234 reference statements)

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“…Measurement of RGC/IPL complex thickness via OCT allows a direct objective and noninvasive measure of the physical structure of the retina, which can be extrapolated to visual system function. Thinning of the RGC/IPL complex is known to correspond to deterioration of vision, as well as disease progression in MS and associated diseases [41,59,60]. In this study, we observed notable thinning of the RGC/IPL complex in EAE mice when compared to naïve control mice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…These investigations not only hold the potential to enhance our understanding of the interrelation between structural, functional, and imaging parameters in the context of EAE and MS but also offer insights into the feasibility of employing non-invasive visual assessments, particularly OCT, as potential indicators of CNS involvement. OCT is particularly suitable for evaluating the potential treatment effects of new drugs in preclinical settings, as it has been previously used as a primary and secondary clinical outcome [39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation of visual system biomarkers with motor-sensory deficits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-optic neuritis

Elwood,

Godwin,

Anders

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) scoring, the most commonly used primary outcome metric for an in vivo model of multiple sclerosis (MS), is highly variable and subjective. Here, we explored the use of visual biomarkers in EAE as more objective and clinically relevant primary outcomes. Motor-sensory impairment in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunized C57BL/6J mice was quantified using a 5-point EAE scoring scheme. Pattern electroretinography (pERG) and retinal ganglion cell / inner plexiform layer (RGC/IPL) complex thickness were measured 60 days after induction. Optic nerve histopathology was analyzed at endpoint. EAE mice displayed motor-sensory impairments ranging from mild to severe. Significant correlations were seen between pERG amplitude and last EAE score, mean EAE score, and cumulative EAE score. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between thinning of the RGC/IPL complex and both the cumulative EAE score and the pERG amplitude. Optic nerve histopathology showed significant correlations between demyelination and cumulative EAE score, pERG amplitude, and RGC/IPL complex thickness, as well as between immune cell infiltration and cumulative EAE score, pERG amplitude, and RGC/IPL complex thickness in EAE mice. Unlike EAE scoring, pERG and OCT show direct measurement of retinal structure and function. Therefore, we conclude that visual outcomes are well-suited as a direct assessment of optic nerve involvement in this EAE model of MS, while also being indicative of motor-sensory impairment. Standardizing parameters could lead to a more rapid and robust model for testing new therapeutic approaches for mitigating MS by utilizing deep learning and artificial intelligence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of visual system biomarkers with motor-sensory deficits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-optic neuritis

Elwood,

Godwin,

Anders

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Some studies suggest an increased prevalence of age-related macular degeneration among patients with MS ( 24 , 25 ). There is a potential interplay between the neurodegenerative processes occurring in MS and the retinal degeneration seen in age-related macular degeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic susceptibility and causal pathway analysis of eye disorders coexisting in multiple sclerosis

Qiu,

Huang,

Ping

2024

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionThe comorbidity of optic neuritis with multiple sclerosis has been well recognized. However, the causal association between multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis, as well as other eye disorders, remains incompletely understood. To address these gaps, we investigated the genetically relationship between multiple sclerosis and eye disorders, and explored potential drugs.MethodsIn order to elucidate the genetic susceptibility and causal links between multiple sclerosis and eye disorders, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to examine the causality between multiple sclerosis and eye disorders. Additionally, causal single-nucleotide polymorphisms were annotated and searched for expression quantitative trait loci data. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify the possible mechanisms responsible for the eye disorders coexisting with multiple sclerosis. Potential therapeutic chemicals were also explored using the Cytoscape.ResultsMendelian randomization analysis revealed that multiple sclerosis increased the incidence of optic neuritis while reducing the likelihood of concurrent of cataract and macular degeneration. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis implicated that lymphocyte proliferation, activation and antigen processing as potential contributors to the pathogenesis of eye disorders coexisting with multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, pharmaceutical agents traditionally employed for allograft rejection exhibited promising therapeutic potential for the eye disorders coexisting with multiple sclerosis.DiscussionMultiple sclerosis genetically contributes to the development of optic neuritis while mitigating the concurrent occurrence of cataract and macular degeneration. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore additional mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of multiple sclerosis and eye disorders.

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“…GCIPL analyses are reported to be superior compared to pRNFL measurements in tracking the early atrophy caused by optic neuritis, being less influenced by the axonal swelling following edema and inflammation [ 15 , 21 ]. Additionally, GCIPL atrophy after optic neuritis can be detected earlier than pRNFL atrophy, at 1 month after onset [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Optical Coherence Tomography Markers for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis and Management

Cujba,

Stan,

Samoila

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disease affecting the optic nerve, directly or indirectly, through transsynaptic axonal degeneration along the visual pathway. New ophthalmological tools, arguably the most important being optical coherence tomography (OCT), could prove paramount in redefining MS diagnoses and shaping their follow-up protocols, even when the optic nerve is not involved. Methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted. In total, 158 eyes from patients previously diagnosed with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS)—with or without optic neuritis (ON), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) with or without ON, and healthy controls were included. Each patient underwent an ophthalmologic exam and OCT evaluation for both eyes (a posterior pole analysis (PPA) and the optic nerve head radial circle protocol (ONH-RC)). Results: The macular retinal thickness (the 4 × 4, respectively, 2 × 2 grid) and thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) were investigated. Various layers of the retina were also compared. Our study observed significant pRNFL thinning in the RRMS eyes compared to the control group, the pRNFL atrophy being more severe in the RRMS-ON eyes than the RRMS-NON eyes. In the ON group, the macular analysis showed statistically significant changes in the RRMS-ON eyes when compared only to the CIS-ON eyes, regarding decreases in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) thickness and inner nuclear layer (INL) on the central 2 × 2 macular grid. The neurodegenerative process affected both the inner retina and pRNFL, with clinical damage appearing for the latter in the following order: CIS-NON, CIS-ON, RRMS-NON, and RRMS-ON. In the presence of optic neuritis, SMRR patients presented an increase in their outer retina thickness compared to CIS patients. Conclusions: To differentiate the MS patients from the CIS patients, in the absence of optic neuritis, OCT Posterior Pole Analysis could be a useful tool when using a central 2 × 2 sectors macular grid. Retinal changes in MS seem to start from the fovea and spread to the posterior pole. Finally, MS could lead to alterations in both the inner and outer retina, along with pRNFL.

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Optical coherence tomography monitoring and diagnosing retinal changes in multiple sclerosis

Cited by 15 publications

References 162 publications

Correlation of visual system biomarkers with motor-sensory deficits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-optic neuritis

Correlation of visual system biomarkers with motor-sensory deficits in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-optic neuritis

Genetic susceptibility and causal pathway analysis of eye disorders coexisting in multiple sclerosis

Identifying Optical Coherence Tomography Markers for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis and Management

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