Optical Coherence Tomography of West African Crystalline Maculopathy

Baker, P. L.; Ho, Allen C.; Spirn, Marc J.

doi:10.1097/icb.0b013e3181613477

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…As confirmed in our case, optical coherence tomography characteristically reveals hyperreflective inner retinal foci in the fovea. 3 -7 Similar to prior reports, the crystalline deposits were not associated with fluorescein angiography findings. 2,4…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…1 Subsequent reports included cases in individuals from Nigeria, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Ghana, and Guinea. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Although many cases have been reported in patients older than 50 years, the youngest patient reported to have WACM was a 39-year-old woman from Nigeria. 4 Nearly all cases have been bilateral, although markedly asymmetric or unilateral crystalline deposits have been reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multimodal Imaging of West African Crystalline Maculopathy in an Igbo Man

Umunakwe

Ali

Bains

et al. 2021

Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases

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Purpose: This report describes a case of West African crystalline maculopathy. Methods: A case report is presented. Results: A 71-year-old Nigerian man was referred for evaluation of bilateral crystalline retinal deposits seen on routine examination. The patient had no acute visual symptoms and no significant ocular history except for cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation in both eyes. Dilated fundocscopic examination was notable for bilateral greenish-yellow, foveocentric intraretinal crystalline deposits, which were visible on color fundus photography, multicolor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and spectral-domain optical coherance tomography. The crystalline deposits were not associated with abnormal short-wavelength autofluorescence or fluorescein angiography findings. Conclusions: A diagnosis of West African crystalline maculopathy was made after other causes of crystalline maculopathy were excluded.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal Imaging of West African Crystalline Maculopathy in an Igbo Man

Umunakwe

Ali

Bains

et al. 2021

Journal of VitreoRetinal Diseases

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“…When evaluating West African crystalline maculopathy with SD-OCT, macular crystals are seen in the innermost layers of the retina and fluorescein angiography does not enhance crystal identification. 1,[4][5][6] The patients presented in this case series demonstrated similar findings, where the hyperreflective crystals on SD-OCT were in the inner retina and the crystalline deposits were not identifiable on fluorescein angiography. No histopathological studies have been completed on retinas with West African crystalline maculopathy at this time, and as such, the composition of these crystals is unknown, and it is unclear if they are intracellular or extracellular deposits.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Other patients had concomitant retinal vascular pathology, such as sickle cell retinopathy, 9 branch retinal vein occlusion, 6 and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy 6 . Interestingly, when conducting this review, coexistent retinal pathology was present in nearly all patients (Ghafouri RH, et al IOVS 2008;49:ARVO E-Abstract 2117) 2,3,5–11 . This postulates that the presence of retinal vasculopathies that contribute to a compromise in the blood-retina barrier may promote the development of West African crystalline maculopathy 1,3–6 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Series: West African Crystalline Maculopathy

Morettin¹,

Ittner

2021

Optom Vis Sci

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SIGNIFICANCE:West African crystalline maculopathy is a rare crystalline maculopathy without a clear etiology. Although the crystals do not appear to be visually significant, there may be a role in the breakdown of the blood-retina barrier within the pathogenesis of this disorder. PURPOSE:The purpose of this case series is to describe two cases of West African crystalline maculopathy. These crystals do not affect vision, nor visual function. Because there are only 39 other documented cases in the literature, it is imperative to understand the differences and similarities in this rare maculopathy.CASE SERIES: Case 1 was a 65-year-old Black woman with a history of proliferative diabetic retinopathy after panretinal photocoagulation was seen for routine examination. She recently emigrated from Tema, Ghana. Examination revealed asymmetric macular crystals consistent with West African crystalline maculopathy and quiescent proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Case 2 was a 60-year-old Black woman that presented for routine examination. She recently emigrated from Nigeria. Examination revealed macular crystals consistent with West African crystalline maculopathy with evidence of stage 1 hypertensive retinopathy and extramacular drusen.CONCLUSIONS: West African crystalline maculopathy is a rare disorder that should be considered in patients who present with asymptomatic foveal crystalline deposits who are immigrants from West African countries.

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“…The first revealed multiple discrete hyperreflective lesions in the innermost retinal layers in the region of the fovea (Figure 1). 4 The second report visualized the crystals in the layer of Henle, the foveal portion of the outer plexiform layer of the retina (Figure 2). 5 Similarly, our report localized the crystals to Henle's layer in the fovea ( Figure 3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%