2023
DOI: 10.1117/1.oe.63.4.041207
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Optical communications in turbulence: a tutorial

Larry B. Stotts,
Larry C. Andrews

Abstract: We provide a tutorial on how to create link budgets and bit error rate (BER) and probability of fade calculations for optical communications systems designed to operate in the turbulent channel. It reviews the characterization models necessary for either incoherent or coherent free space optical communications uplink, downlink, and horizontal system analyses in the turbulent channel. Beam wander, scintillation, and receiver noise variance as well as pointing and tracking effects were included in this paper. Co… Show more

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