Optical control of Faraday rotation in hot Rb vapor

Siddons, Paul; Adams, Charles S.; Hughes, Ifan G.

doi:10.1103/physreva.81.043838

Cited by 34 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Therefore, we have two Λ transitions that share the same equally-populated states |1 and |3 , creating a mutually influencing groundstate Zeeman coherence. We note that this is very different from the conventional double-Lambda four wave mixing process [25][26][27][28][29] where the intermediate state has negligible Zeeman coherence [see discussion on Fig. S3].…”

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confidence: 73%

Breaking the Energy-Symmetry-Based Propagation Growth Blockade in Magneto-Optical Rotation

et al. 2018

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The magneto-optical polarization rotation effect has prolific applications in various research areas spanning the scientific spectrum including space and interstellar research, nano-technology and material science, biomedical imaging, and sub-atomic particle research. In nonlinear magnetooptical rotation (NMOR), the intensity of a linearly-polarized probe field affects the rotation of its own polarization plane while propagating in a magnetized medium. However, typical NMOR signals of conventional single-beam Λ−scheme atomic magnetometers are peculiarly small, requiring sophisticated magnetic shielding under complex operational conditions. Here, we show the presence of an energy-symmetry blockade that undermines the NMOR effect in conventional single-beam Λ−scheme atomic magnetometers. We further demonstrate, both experimentally and theoretically, an inelastic wave-mixing technique that breaks this NMOR blockade, resulting in more than five orders of magnitude (>300,000-fold) NMOR optical signal power spectral density enhancement never before seen with conventional single-beam Λ−scheme atomic magnetometers. This new technique, demonstrated with substantially reduced light intensities, may lead to many applications, especially in the field of bio-magnetism and high-resolution low-field magnetic imaging.Magneto-optical effects arise when the different polarized components of an electrical field resonantly coupling to magnetic transitions of an atom experience different magnetic dichriosm [1][2][3]. When the effects become dependent on the intensity of the electric field itself, the resulting rotation of the polarization plane of the field is referred to as nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR). All polarimetry-based alkali metal vapor atomic magnetometers employ this principle for extremely weak magnetic field detection. Using spin relaxation management techniques [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], together with state-of-the-art magnetic shieldings and phase-locking detection electronics, atomic magnetometers have demonstrated extremely high sensitivities [8,[10][11][12][13][14][15] approaching the benchmark performance of superconducting quantum interference devices [16].The core element of polarimetry-based alkali vapor atomic magnetometers is a three-state atomic system [ Fig. 1(a)] coupling to a linearly polarized probe field [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Although the NMOR signal is enhanced by the probe intensity in this simple Λ-scheme, the NMOR optical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is generally low, requiring complex magnetic shielding and sophisticated electronics in addition to long data-acquisition times. Here, we introduce an optical inelastic wave-mixing (WM) process via a second light field counter-propagating with * Corresponding author:lu.deng@nist.gov respect to the probe field. This inelastic WM process opens a multi-excitation channel by sharing two fullyoccupied intermediate states [23][24][25] with the probe field. Consequently, it significantly modifies the ground-state Zeeman coherence and the ...

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confidence: 73%

Breaking the Energy-Symmetry-Based Propagation Growth Blockade in Magneto-Optical Rotation

et al. 2018

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“…NMOR enhancement effects have been observed on both the red and blue sides of both the D 1 and D 2 (and combinations thereof) transitions of 87 Rb and 85 Rb. However, we stress that, because the probe and WM lasers are far detuned (even a very large difference in wavelength in the case of D 1- D 2 setup) and because both laser intensities are orders of magnitude below the saturation intensity, our optical WM method is neither a pump-probe scheme nor an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) scheme ( 6 – 8 , 34 , 35 ). In most cases that we studied, large NMOR enhancements were readily observable even when the WM field intensity was a factor of 5 to 8 lower than the probe field, with a frequency difference of several gigahertz.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a three-state atomic system coupling to a linearly polarized probe field ( Fig. 1A ) ( 3 – 8 ), assuming that the initial population is equally distributed between the Zeeman states, the NMOR effect can be derived using third-order perturbation theory ( 9 ). The nondiagonal interaction Hamiltonian of this single-beam Λ system is given by

which, when combined with the diagonal Hamiltonian, leads to a third-order polarization for the different probe components of ( 9 , 10 )

…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetry-breaking inelastic wave-mixing atomic magnetometry

et al. 2017

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“…Many previous papers have been devoted to this EIPR study by using either Λ-type [10,11], or ladder-type [12][13][14][15][16] three-level systems. EIPR studies in the presence of a static magnetic field [17][18][19], or combined effects of EIPR and Faraday rotation, have also been reported. In the case of Λ-type systems, controlling powers can be small due to large nonlinearity, but the response time can become long preventing practical application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Electromagnetically induced polarization rotation in Na vapor

et al. 2012

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In a hot sodium atomic vapor, we report the observation of electromagnetically induced polarization rotation (EIPR) in the 3S 1∕2 -3P 1∕2 -4D 3∕2 and 3S 1∕2 -3P 3∕2 -4D 3∕2;5∕2 three-level ladder transitions, where a weak probe beam and a strong coupling beam are resonant to the lower and the upper transition, respectively. The EIPR spectra exhibited a unique double-dispersion feature, which was more pronounced for the higher coupling powers. The maximum rotation angle was 18 deg. Optical switch experiment based on EIPR gave a fast response time of less than 100 ns.

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Optical control of Faraday rotation in hot Rb vapor

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Breaking the Energy-Symmetry-Based Propagation Growth Blockade in Magneto-Optical Rotation

Breaking the Energy-Symmetry-Based Propagation Growth Blockade in Magneto-Optical Rotation

Symmetry-breaking inelastic wave-mixing atomic magnetometry

Electromagnetically induced polarization rotation in Na vapor

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