Optical Control of Plasmonic Hot Carriers in Graphene

Jadidi, Majid; Daniels, Kevin M.; Myers-Ward, Rachael L.; Gaskill, D. Kurt; König-Otto, Jacob C.; Winnerl, Stephan; Sushkov, A. B.; Drew, H. D.; Murphy, Thomas E.; Mittendorff, Martin

doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.8b01499

Cited by 24 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Susceptibilities from the following references are plotted over the wavelength of the exciting light pulses: [a] Dremetsika and Kockaert, [b] Kumar et al, [c] Soavi et al, [d] Hendry et al, [e] Kundys et al, [f] König‐Otto et al (Landau‐quantized graphene in a magnetic field), and [g] Hafez et al Whereas in the NIR (left), the nonlinearity mechanism is typically associated with coherent electron dynamics, in the THz (right) the mechanism is noncoherent and thermal. For intermediate wavelengths, different mechanisms have been proposed, such as plasmon nonlocal effects [e], and thermally induced plasmon shifts (no susceptibility quoted).…”

Section: Terahertz Nonlinear Interactions In Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides standard “continuous” graphene samples, nonlinear THz spectroscopy was also performed on patterned graphene, featuring the confinement of THz field, and thus leading to enhancement of the THz nonlinearity. For example, it was theoretically predicted and experimentally verified that enhancement of the nonlinear interaction of the light field in graphene can be achieved by local field confinement via resonant plasmonic absorption if the graphene is patterned in subwavelength structures such as ribbons. Using THz FEL, Jadidi et al demonstrated nonlinear THz absorption at plasmonic resonance in lithographically patterned epitaxial graphene ribbons (see Figure a), following one‐color pump–probe scheme with THz field polarization perpendicular to the patterning direction.…”

Section: Terahertz Nonlinear Interactions In Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…b) Broadband THz transmission through the sample showing plasmonic absorption resonance at 3.8 THz (the dark cyan line with arrow indicating the relevant axis). The normalized spectrum in red corresponds to one of the FEL pulses (here at resonance) employed in the degenerate pump–probe spectroscopy (with arrow indicating relevant axis) (Replotted with data provided by the authors and with permission . Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society).…”

Section: Terahertz Nonlinear Interactions In Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society). c) THz differential transmission at resonance of the probe beam as a function of the pump–probe delay time for various THz pump fluences (Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society), d) The peak differential transmission signal as a function of the pump fluence; colored symbols for the experiment and a solid black line for the

\sqrt{F}

fit (Reproduced with permission .…”

Section: Terahertz Nonlinear Interactions In Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…c) THz differential transmission at resonance of the probe beam as a function of the pump–probe delay time for various THz pump fluences (Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society), d) The peak differential transmission signal as a function of the pump fluence; colored symbols for the experiment and a solid black line for the

\sqrt{F}

fit (Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society), e) the differential transmission signal at various frequencies around the resonance frequency showing a sign reversal when the probe frequency is tuned to be below resonance (Reproduced with permission .…”

Section: Terahertz Nonlinear Interactions In Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Terahertz Nonlinear Optics of Graphene: From Saturable Absorption to High‐Harmonics Generation

Hafez

Kovalev

Tielrooij

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

126

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visible light frequencies, corresponding to interband transitions leading to electron-hole pair generation. [5,6,12] In the case of doped graphene, that is, graphene containing a certain concentration of free electrons or holes, Drude-like conductivity was observed at far-infrared and terahertz (THz) frequencies, corresponding to intraband free-carrier absorption. [8,9,[12][13][14][15] Further, theoretical studies predicted strong nonlinear interaction of graphene with intense light fields, in particular at the technologically important THz frequencies (typically, in the range 0.1-10 THz), [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] as originating from both interband and intraband electron dynamics. These predictions were inspired by the unique band structure of graphene: absence of a bandgap and linear energy-momentum dispersion for its electrons. [2,3,[26][27][28] A plethora of strong nonlinear effects in graphene in the IR and optical frequency ranges, originating from interband electron dynamics, was successfully demonstrated, including saturable absorption and nonlinear refraction, [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] higherharmonic generation, [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and wave-mixing processes [48][49][50] (see also reviews [51][52][53] ). At THz frequencies, however, until recently only saturable absorption effects in doped graphene, [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] and induced multiphoton-like absorption in multilayer near-intrinsic graphene were successfully demonstrated. [62] At the same time, the observation of the long sought-after effect of THz higher-order harmonics generation, Graphene has long been predicted to show exceptional nonlinear optical properties, especially in the technologically important terahertz (THz) frequency range. Recent experiments have shown that this atomically thin material indeed exhibits possibly the largest nonlinear coefficients of any material known to date, paving the way for practical graphene-based applications in ultrafast (opto-)electronics operating at THz rates. Here the advances in the booming field of nonlinear THz optics of graphene are reported, and the state-of-the-art understanding of the nature of the nonlinear interaction of graphene with the THz fields based on the thermodynamic model of electron transport in graphene is described. A comparison between different mechanisms of nonlinear interaction of graphene with light fields in THz, infrared, and visible frequency ranges is also provided. Finally, the perspectives for the expected technological applications of graphene based on its extraordinary THz nonlinear properties are summarized. This report covers the evolution of the field of THz nonlinear optics of graphene from the very pioneering to the state-of-the-art works. It also serves as a concise overview of the current understanding of THz nonlinear optics of graphene and as a compact reference for researchers entering the field, as well as for the technology developers.

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Section: Terahertz Nonlinear Interactions In Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Terahertz Nonlinear Interactions In Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Terahertz Nonlinear Interactions In Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

\sqrt{F}

fit (Reproduced with permission .…”

Section: Terahertz Nonlinear Interactions In Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

\sqrt{F}

Section: Terahertz Nonlinear Interactions In Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Terahertz Nonlinear Optics of Graphene: From Saturable Absorption to High‐Harmonics Generation

Hafez

Kovalev

Tielrooij

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

126

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Ultrafast Plasmon Thermalization in Epitaxial Graphene Probed by Time‐Resolved THz Spectroscopy

Paingad

Kunc

Rejhon

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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The control of carrier transport by electrical, chemical, or optical Fermi level tuning is central to graphene electronics. Here, an optical pump-terahertz (THz) probe spectroscopy-is applied to investigate ultrafast sheet conductivity dynamics in various epitaxially grown graphene layers representing a large variety of carbon allotropes, including H 2 intercalated films. The graphene layers display a prominent plasmonic response connected with induced THz transparency spectra on ultrashort timescale. It is generally believed that the plasmonic excitations appear due to wrinkles, and substrate terraces that bring about natural confinement potentials. It is shown that these potentials act within micrometer-sized domains with essentially isotropic character. The measured ultrafast dynamics are entirely controlled by the quasi-Fermi level of laser-excited carriers through their temperature. The photocarriers undergo a disorder-enabled super-collision cooling process with an initial picosecond transfer of the optically deposited heat to the lattice followed by a sub-nanosecond relaxation governed by the lattice cooling. The transient spectra is described by a two-temperature Drude-Lorentz model revealing the ultrafast evolution of the carrier temperature and chemical potential and providing crucial material parameters such as Fermi energy, carrier mobility, carrier confinement length, and disorder mean free path.

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2D THz Optoelectronics

Mittendorff

Winnerl

Murphy

2020

Advanced Optical Materials

Self Cite

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The terahertz (THz) region of the electromagnetic spectrum spans the gap between optics and electronics and has historically suffered from a paucity of optoelectronic devices, in large part because of inadequate optical materials that function in this spectral range. 2D materials, including graphene and a growing family of related van der Waals materials, have been shown to exhibit unusual optical and electrical properties that can enable diverse new applications in the THz regime. In this review, some of the unusual properties of 2D materials that make them promising for THz applications are explained, the recent work in the field of 2D THz optoelectronics is summarized, and the challenges and opportunities that await this promising new field are outlined.

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Optical Control of Plasmonic Hot Carriers in Graphene

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Terahertz Nonlinear Optics of Graphene: From Saturable Absorption to High‐Harmonics Generation

Terahertz Nonlinear Optics of Graphene: From Saturable Absorption to High‐Harmonics Generation

Ultrafast Plasmon Thermalization in Epitaxial Graphene Probed by Time‐Resolved THz Spectroscopy

2D THz Optoelectronics

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