Optical detection of random features for high security applications

Haist, Tobias; Tiziani, Hans J.

doi:10.1016/s0030-4018(97)00546-4

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Haist and Tiziani [36] proposed a method to fingerprint German banknotes by using a CCD digital camera to take a snapshot of a banknote based on transmissive light. Then, the snapshot is saved as a JPEG image (2.86 KB), which, along with a digital signature, is printed on the banknote as a string of 3250 ASCII characters on an area of 5 cm 2 .…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Texture to the Rescue

Toreini

Shahandashti

Hao

2017

ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.

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Abstract-In this paper, we propose a novel paper fingerprinting technique based on analyzing the translucent patterns revealed when a light source shines through the paper. These patterns represent the inherent texture of paper, formed by the random interleaving of wooden particles during the manufacturing process. We show these patterns can be easily captured by a commodity camera and condensed into to a compact 2048-bit fingerprint code. Prominent works in this area (Nature 2005, IEEE S&P 2009, CCS 2011 have all focused on fingerprinting paper based on the paper "surface". We are motivated by the observation that capturing the surface alone misses important distinctive features such as the non-even thickness, the random distribution of impurities, and different materials in the paper with varying opacities. Through experiments, we demonstrate that the embedded paper texture provides a more reliable source for fingerprinting than features on the surface. Based on the collected datasets, we achieve 0% false rejection and 0% false acceptance rates. We further report that our extracted fingerprints contain 807 degrees-of-freedom (DoF), which is much higher than the 249 DoF with iris codes (that have the same size of 2048 bits). The high amount of DoF for texture-based fingerprints makes our method extremely scalable for recognition among very large databases; it also allows secure usage of the extracted fingerprint in privacy-preserving authentication schemes based on error correction techniques.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Texture to the Rescue

Toreini

Shahandashti

Hao

2017

ACM Trans. Priv. Secur.

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“…Authentication can be performed for example by recording the random patterns of the fiber of a paper [3], but such a system is practically heavy to deploy since each product needs to be linked to its highdefinition capture stored in a database. Another solution is to rely on the degradation induced by the interaction between the product and a physical process such as printing, marking, embossing, carving, etc.…”

Section: Addressed Problem and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• In the main channel, i.e., when O N = Y N , error probabilities are equivalent to (2) and (3). http://jis.eurasipjournals.com/content/2014/1/9…”

Section: Binary Thresholdingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Document authentication using graphical codes: reliable performance analysis and channel optimization

Hoang

Sawaya

et al. 2014

EURASIP J. on Info. Security

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This paper proposes to investigate the impact of the channel model for authentication systems based on codes that are corrupted by a physically unclonable noise such as the one emitted by a printing process. The core of such a system for the receiver is to perform a statistical test in order to recognize and accept an original code corrupted by noise and reject any illegal copy or a counterfeit. This study highlights the fact that the probability of type I and type II errors can be better approximated, by several orders of magnitude, when using the Cramér-Chernoff theorem instead of a Gaussian approximation. The practical computation of these error probabilities is also possible using Monte Carlo simulations combined with the importance sampling method. By deriving the optimal test within a Neyman-Pearson setup, a first theoretical analysis shows that a thresholding of the received code induces a loss of performance. A second analysis proposes to find the best parameters of the channels involved in the model in order to maximize the authentication performance. This is possible not only when the opponent's channel is identical to the legitimate channel but also when the opponent's channel is different, leading this time to a min-max game between the two players. Finally, we evaluate the impact of an uncertainty for the receiver on the opponent channel, and we show that the authentication is still possible whenever the receiver can observe forged codes and uses them to estimate the parameters of the model.

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“…Authentication can be performed for example by recording the random patterns of the fiber of a paper [6], but such a system is practically heavy to deploy since each product needs to be linked to its high definition capture stored in a database. Another solution is to rely on the degradation induced by the interaction between the product and a physical process such as printing, marking, embossing, carving ... Because of both the defaults of the physical process and the stochastic nature of the mater, this interaction can be considered as a Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) [12] that cannot be reproduced by the forger and can consequently be used to perform authentication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Document authentication using graphical codes

Hoang²,

Sawaya

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the First ACM Workshop on Information Hiding and Multimedia Security

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This paper proposes to investigate the impact of the channel model for authentication systems based on codes that are corrupted by a physically unclonable noise such as the one emitted by a printing process. The core of such a system is the comparison for the receiver between an original binary code, an original corrupted code and a copy of the original code. We analyze two strategies, depending on whether or not the receiver use a binary version of its observation to perform its authentication test. By deriving the optimal test within a Neyman-Pearson setup, a theoretical analysis shows that a thresholding of the code induces a loss of performance. This study also highlights the fact that the probability of the type I and type II errors can be better approximated, by several orders of magnitude, computing Chernoff bounds instead of the Gaussian approximation. Finally we evaluate the impact of an uncertainty for the receiver on the opponent channel and show that the authentication is still possible whenever the receiver can observe forged codes and uses them to estimate the parameters of the model.

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Optical detection of random features for high security applications

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Texture to the Rescue

Texture to the Rescue

Document authentication using graphical codes: reliable performance analysis and channel optimization

Document authentication using graphical codes

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