Optical diagnostics for the analysis of hydrogen–methane blend combustion in internal combustion engines

Iorio, Silvana Di; Sementa, Paolo; Vaglieco, Bianca Maria

doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-363-8.00009-8

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…A beam splitter similar to Gleis et al 52 makes it possible to simultaneously record the visible range of the combustion (cf. Figure 5) and the ultraviolet spectral range, especially the chemiluminescence of the OH-radical comparable to Di Iorio et al, 23 Catapano et al, 33,34 Di Iorio et al 38,48 The visible path is recorded by a color imaging Phantom v2012 high-speed camera equipped with a Wallimex f# 2.8, f100 objective. A monochromatic Phantom v2011 camera equipped with high speed intensified relay optics and a filter for OH* detection (cf.…”

Section: Test Bench Designmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Optical and thermodynamic investigations of a methane and hydrogen blend fueled large bore engine

Karmann

Eicheldinger

Prager

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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The following paper presents thermodynamic and optical investigations of the natural flame and OH radical chemiluminescence of a hydrogen enriched methane combustion compared to natural gas combustion. The engine under investigation is a port-fueled unscavenged prechamber 4.8 L single cylinder large bore engine. The blends under consideration are 2%V, 5%V,10%V, and 40%V of hydrogen expected to be blended within existing natural gas grids in a short and mid-term timeline in order to store green energy from solar and wind. These fuel blends could be used for stabilization of the energy supply by reconverting the renewable fuel CH4/H2 in combined heat and power plants. As expected, admixture of hydrogen extends the ignition limits of the fuel mixture toward lean ranges up to an air-fuel equivalence ratio of almost 2. No negative effect on combustion is observed up to an admixture of 40%V hydrogen. At 40%V hydrogen, abnormal combustion like backfire occurs at an air-fuel equivalence ratio of 1.5. The higher mixtures exhibit increased nitrogen oxide emissions due to higher combustion chamber temperatures, while methane slip and CO emissions are reduced due to more complete combustion. The optical investigation of the natural flame and OH radical chemiluminescence are in good agreement with the thermodynamic results verifying the more intense combustion of the fuel blends by means of the chemiluminescence intensity. Further, lube oil combustion and a continuing luminescence after the thermodynamic end of combustion are observed.

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Section: Test Bench Designmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Literature review of HCNG fueled engines, 4,13–41 bars indicate an estimation as no value was indicated in the source.…”

Section: Effects Of Hydrogen Blends On Combustion: a Brief Literature...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical and thermodynamic investigations of a methane and hydrogen blend fueled large bore engine

Karmann

Eicheldinger

Prager

et al. 2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…Commonly it can be estimated that Hydrogen addition to Compressed Natural Gas would be effective for fuel economy, Engine performance, and decreasing the amount of Carbonic emission and these are due to Hydrogen chemical properties including high auto-ignition temperature, High diffusivity, Higher flame speed, and short quenching distance. 36,37 Ignition timing which has been studied in current research, indicated that Retarding and tuning of ignition timing is strictly necessary for the better performance of the engine and decreasing the content of emissions; this causes the ignition process to start somewhat earlier or later according to the engine speed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of variable excess air ratio and ignition timing on the performance and exhaust emissions in a direct injection Hydrogen-CNG fueled engine

Zareei

Ghadamkheir

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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This study investigates a direct injection (DI) engine fueled with compressed natural gas (CNG) enrichment with hydrogen blend (HCNG) in counter from the conversion of the port injection gasoline engine. The intention of the investigation was to examine the performance and exhaust gases from the effect of excess air ratio and timing angle changes in consequence of hydrogen increment to natural gas in comparison to gasoline engine performance and exhaust gases as a single fuel. The compression ratio was set at 14:1 with varying load at 3000 rpm, and the ignition timing was applied at −17, −19, −21, and −34°bTDC at WOT, and the amount of hydrogen enrichment to natural gas was applied at 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. The conditions on torque, power, heat release rate, brake specific fuel consumption, CO, and NOx were studied. Results showed that the power and torque increased by 8% with increasing the hydrogen content to 40% in fuel composition and advancing ignition timing and heat release rate as well as decreasing λ from 1.4 to 1.2 relative to the stoichiometric state. Also, the specific fuel consumption decreased by 18.5% in the optimal condition.

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“…The preferential oxidation or methanation processes, which are discussed subsequently, are used in a subsequent step in one or more chemical reactors to mainly convert carbon monoxide (CO) into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). [ 57 ] The world's hydrogen supply is still mostly derived from fossil fuels because to the strong relationship between the cost of production and the relatively low price of fuel. These days, the most widely used processes for generating hydrogen from fossil fuels are pyrolysis and hydrocarbon reforming.…”

Section: Hydrogen Production Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Challenges of Hydrogen Production Technologies via Renewable Energy Sources

Worku,

Ayele,

Deepak

et al. 2024

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Currently, fossil fuels play a major role in meeting the world's energy demand. Fossil fuels, in contrast, threaten the planet's ecosystems and biological processes, contribute to global warming, and result in unfavorable climatic shifts. These energy sources are also finite and will eventually deplete. Thus, energy transition, which is the key from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, is regarded as an essential course of action for decarbonizing the global economy and reducing the catastrophic and irreversible effects of climate change. Thereby using/consuming green hydrogen energy is a vital solution to meet the world's challenges. Subsequently, the pros and cons of several hydrogen generation methods, such as the conversion of fossil fuels, biomass, water electrolysis, microbial fermentation, and photocatalysis, are then compared and outlined in terms of their technologies, economies, consumption of energy, environmental aspects, and costs. Currently, the chemical industry uses green hydrogen (H2) primarily to produce green emerging fuels methanol and ammonia (NH3), which are regarded as alternate sources of energy. Finally, the current state of energy demands, recent developments in renewable energy sources, and the potential of hydrogen as a future fuel are outlined. Moreover, the discussion concludes with predicted opportunities and challenges.

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Optical diagnostics for the analysis of hydrogen–methane blend combustion in internal combustion engines

Cited by 4 publications

References 59 publications

Optical and thermodynamic investigations of a methane and hydrogen blend fueled large bore engine

Optical and thermodynamic investigations of a methane and hydrogen blend fueled large bore engine

The effects of variable excess air ratio and ignition timing on the performance and exhaust emissions in a direct injection Hydrogen-CNG fueled engine

Recent Advances and Challenges of Hydrogen Production Technologies via Renewable Energy Sources

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