Optical diagnostics on the pre-chamber jet and main chamber ignition in the active pre-chamber combustion (PCC)

Tang, Qinglong; Sampath, Ramgopal; Marquez, Manuel Echeverri; Sharma, Priybrat; Hlaing, Ponnya; Houidi, Moez Ben; Cenker, Emre; Chang, Junseok; Magnotti, Gaetano; Johansson, Bengt

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.02.001

Cited by 79 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Optical diagnostics on a single-cylinder natural gas engine performed by Rajasegar et al [58] indicated that the driving force that governs the formation, development, and mixing of the turbulent jets in the main chamber is almost determined by the air-fuel ratio in the pre-chamber, regardless of the varying air-fuel ratio in the main chamber. By adopting the negative acetone PLIF and OH* chemiluminescence imaging techniques on an optical engine, Tang et al [59] testified that the jet penetration speed is closely related to the pressure difference between the pre-chamber and main chamber. Bunce et al [60] performed comprehensive optical research on the jet ejection process as well.…”

Section: Jet Ejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the combustion stability is improved by the tilted nozzles, since the slow jets have small flame stretch and low dilution rate, which results in a short ignition delay and a high ignition probability. Based on a prechamber engine fueled with methane, an optical study conducted by Tang et al [59] found that over-enrichment in the pre-chamber reduces the jet penetration velocity.…”

Section: Ignition and Flame Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, the straight orifices lead to a leaner 32 but more turbulent mixture around the spark plug. Tang et al [59] suggested that the location of the pre-chamber orifice should also be evaluated seriously in the prechamber design. With an active pre-chamber designed with two rows of nozzle orifices arranged along the radial direction evenly, visualization results obtained on an optical engine fueled with methane showed that only jets from the lower-row orifice are intense enough to penetrate to the region close to the cylinder wall and to produce a distinct reaction zone.…”

Section: Nozzle Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A review of the pre-chamber ignition system applied on future low-carbon spark ignition engines

Zhu

Akehurst

Yuan

2022

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

101

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Section: Jet Ejectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ignition and Flame Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nozzle Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A review of the pre-chamber ignition system applied on future low-carbon spark ignition engines

Zhu

Akehurst

Yuan

2022

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…It was also found that flames propagate to the MC asymmetrically, especially if the PC mixture is not completely mixed or because of intense turbulence caused by fuel injection and stochastic ignition, causing jets to emerge from the pre-chamber at different times. The optical diagnosis of PC jets and combustion in the MC was made in [19], where two rows of orifices were applied. Experimental results showed that the upper orifices have much weaker jets than lower orifices, which indicates the importance of the orifice location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Pre-Chamber Geometry and Operating Parameters in a Turbulent Jet Ignition Engine

et al. 2022

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A turbulent jet ignition engine enables operation with lean mixtures, decreasing nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions up to 92%, while the engine efficiency can be increased compared to conventional spark-ignition engines. The geometry of the pre-chamber and engine operating parameters play the most important role in the performance of turbulent jet ignition engines and, therefore, must be optimized. The initial experimental and 3D CFD results of a single-cylinder engine fueled by gasoline were used for the calibration of a 0D/1D simulation model. The 0D/1D simulation model was upgraded to capture the effects of multiple flame propagations, and the evolution of the turbulence level was described by the new K-k-ε turbulence model, which considers the strong turbulent jets occurring in the main chamber. The optimization of the pre-chamber volume, the orifice diameter, the injected fuel mass in the pre-chamber and the spark timing was made over 9 different operating points covering the variation in engine speed and load with the objective of minimizing the fuel consumption while avoiding knock. Two optimization methods using 0D/1D simulations were presented: an individual optimization method for each operating point and a simultaneous optimization method over 9 operating points. It was found that the optimal pre-chamber volume at each operating point was around 5% of the clearance volume, while the favorable orifice diameters depended on engine load, with optimal values around 2.5 mm and 1.2 mm at stoichiometric mixtures and lean mixtures, respectively. Simultaneous optimization of the pre-chamber geometry for all considered operating points resulted in a pre-chamber volume equal to 5.14% of the clearance volume and an orifice diameter of 1.1 mm.

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“…Tian et al 32 studied the impacts of pre-chamber geometric parameters on ignition and combustion processes in a constant volume chamber, the results show that a larger pre-chamber orifice diameter caused earlier ignition timing and lower ignition position, and the flame would quench when the orifice diameter was smaller than a certain value. Tang et al 33 found that a higher pressure difference between pre-chamber and main chamber produces larger pre-chamber jet penetration speed, over enrichment of the pre-chamber charge reduces the peak pressure difference. The research results from Tanoue et al 17 show that knocking occurred near the nozzle exit when one hole was used, while it occurred near the center for the two holes scenario.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of passive pre-chamber jet ignition on combustion and emission at gasoline engine

Duan

Huang

Chen

et al. 2021

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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Pre-chamber jet ignition is a promising way to improve fuel consumption of gasoline engine. A small volume passive pre-chamber was tested at a 1.5L turbocharged GDI engine. Combustion and emission characteristics of passive pre-chamber at low-speed WOT and part load were studied. Besides, the combustion stability of the passive pre-chamber at idle operation has also been studied. The results show that at 1500 r/min WOT, compared with the traditional spark ignition, the combustion phase of pre-chamber is advanced by 7.1°CA, the effective fuel consumption is reduced by 24 g/kW h, and the maximum pressure rise rate is increased by 0.09 MPa/°CA. The knock tendency can be relieved by pre-chamber ignition. At part load of 2000 r/min, pre-chamber ignition can enhance the combustion process and improve the combustion stability. The fuel consumption of pre-chamber ignition increases slightly at low load, but decreases significantly at high load. Compared with the traditional spark ignition, the NOx emissions of pre-chamber increase significantly, with a maximum increase of about 15%; the HC emissions decrease, and the highest decrease is about 36%. But there is no significant difference in CO emissions between pre-chamber ignition and spark plug ignition. The intake valve opening timing has a significant influence on the pre-chamber combustion stability at idle operation. With the delay of the pre-chamber intake valve opening timing, the CoV is reduced and can be kept within the CoV limit.

show abstract

Optical diagnostics on the pre-chamber jet and main chamber ignition in the active pre-chamber combustion (PCC)

Cited by 79 publications

References 35 publications

A review of the pre-chamber ignition system applied on future low-carbon spark ignition engines

A review of the pre-chamber ignition system applied on future low-carbon spark ignition engines

Optimization of Pre-Chamber Geometry and Operating Parameters in a Turbulent Jet Ignition Engine

Effects of passive pre-chamber jet ignition on combustion and emission at gasoline engine

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