Optical dipole mirror for cold atoms based on a metallic diffraction grating

Kawalec, Tomasz; Bartoszek-Bober, Dobrosława; Panaś, Roman; Fiutowski, Jacek; Pławecka, Aleksandra; Rubahn, Horst‐Günter

doi:10.1364/ol.39.002932

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…We focus on ultra-cold atoms bouncing on an oscillating atom mirror in the presence of the gravitational field [73] (for the stationary mirror experiments see [74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81]) but the phenomena we investigate can be realized in any periodically driven system which can reveal nonlinear resonances in the classical description [82]. The singleparticle Hamiltonian, in the gravitational units and in the frame oscillating with the mirror [83], reads…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological time crystals

et al. 2019

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By analogy with the formation of space crystals, crystalline structures can also appear in the time domain. While in the case of space crystals we often ask about periodic arrangements of atoms in space at a moment of a detection, in time crystals the role of space and time is exchanged. That is, we fix a space point and ask if the probability density for detection of a system at this point behaves periodically in time. Here, we show that in periodically driven systems it is possible to realize topological insulators, which can be observed in time. The bulk-edge correspondence is related to the edge in time, where edge states localize. We focus on two examples: Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model in time and Bose Haldane insulator which emerges in the dynamics of a periodically driven many-body system. 5 Note that due to the negative effective mass m eff , the first energy band is the highest in energy. 2 New J. Phys. 21 (2019) 052003 where = ¢ J J i 2and J 2i−1 =J, which is identical to the SSH model [86]. The latter describes spinless fermions hopping on a 1D-lattice with staggered hopping amplitudes. Changing the ratio λ 1 /λ in (1), allows one to control the ratio ¢ J J . This effective Hamiltonian belongs to the BDI class of the periodic table of the topological insulators and superconductors [87] and is characterized by a  topological invariant, the winding number ν. For an infinite system with ¢ > J J ( ¢ < J J ), the system is in a topological (trivial) phase with winding number ν=1 (ν=0). For a finite system, the topological phase exhibits zero energy edge states protected by the topology of the bulk. The SSH model has been experimentally realized in quantum simulators and both the presence of edge states and the winding number have been measured [63][64][65]. Let us emphasize that the Wannier states w i (x, t) of equation (2) are localized wavepackets of the effective SSH Hamiltonian of equation (3). We then discuss how such states allow one to detect the topology of the SSH Hamiltonian. corresponding to quasi-energies closest to zero, see top panel. In the topological phase, these eigenstates have zero quasi-energy and are linear combinations of the edge states localized at the edge of time. That is, in the laboratory frame, a detector is placed close to the oscillating mirror (x≈0) and the probability density of clicking of the detector is shown versus time for different values of the ratio ¢ J J of the tunneling amplitudes in (3). This behavior is repeated with the period 2π/ω. At sωt/(2π)=1 and sωt/(2π)=40 there are edges where the eigenstate localizes if ¢ > J J 1. The results correspond to ω=0.067, λ=0.06 in (1) and are obtained within the quantum secular approach [84], see the appendix.

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Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological time crystals

et al. 2019

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“…Ultra-cold atoms bouncing on an oscillating atom mirror [37] (for stationary mirror experiments see [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]) constitute a promising system for experimental realization of various condensed matter phases in the time domain [1]. If a single-or many-body system is periodically and resonantly driven and the resonance is of a high order, such as 40 times longer than the driving period, the system behaves like electrons in a space crystal [46,47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time crystals: Analysis of experimental conditions

et al. 2018

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Time crystals are quantum many-body systems which are able to self-organize their motion in a periodic way in time. Discrete time crystals have been experimentally demonstrated in spin systems. However, the first idea of spontaneous breaking of discrete time translation symmetry, in ultra-cold atoms bouncing on an oscillating mirror, still awaits experimental demonstration. Here, we perform a detailed analysis of the experimental conditions needed for the realization of such a discrete time crystal. Importantly, the considered system allows for the realization of dramatic breaking of discrete time translation symmetry where a symmetry broken state evolves with a period tens of times longer than the driving period. Moreover, atoms bouncing on an oscillating mirror constitute a suitable system for the realization of dynamical quantum phase transitions in discrete time crystals and for the demonstration of various non-trivial condensed matter phenomena in the time domain. We show that Anderson localization effects, which are typically associated with spatial disorder and exponential localization of eigenstates of a particle in configuration space, can be observed in the time domain when ultra-cold atoms are bouncing on a randomly moving mirror.

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“…The understanding of near fields is necessary for the construction of structured optical potentials for cold atoms, e.g. atom mirrors and plasmonic surface traps [15,16,17,18]. Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs), which emerge from a coupling between the light and collective oscillations of free electrons at a metal surface, underlie a significant number of the above-mentioned experiments.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The latter is advantageous for cold atom experiments and NSOM imaging. Atomic mirrors use SPPs' evanescent field to create a strong, repulsive potential for an atomic cloud [15,16,18,17] and the presence of light on the gold-air side leads to unwanted atom-photon scattering. Likewise, it would be detected by the probe, disturbing the NSOM observation of SPPs' themselves.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative near-field characterization of Surface Plasmon Polaritons on nanofabricated transmission structure

Sierant,

Jany,

Kawalec

2020

Preprint

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The tailoring of plasmonic near-fields is central to the field of nanophotonics. The detailed knowledge of the field distribution is crucial for a design and fabrication of plasmonic sensors, detectors, photovoltaics, plasmon-based cicuits, nanomanipulators, electrooptic plasmonic modulators and atomic devices. We report on a fully quantitative comparison between near field observation and numerical calculations, considering the intensity distribution for TM and TE polarisations, necessary for the construction of devices in all these areas. We present the near field scanning microscopy (NSOM) results of Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SPPs), excited by linearly polarized illumination on a gold, nanofabricated transmission grating. The optimization process is performed for infrared light, for future applications in cold atoms trapping and plasmonic sensing. We show the in situ processes of build up and propagation of SPPs and confirm that the out of plane component is not coupled to the aperture-type NSOM probe.

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Optical dipole mirror for cold atoms based on a metallic diffraction grating

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Topological time crystals

Topological time crystals

Time crystals: Analysis of experimental conditions

Quantitative near-field characterization of Surface Plasmon Polaritons on nanofabricated transmission structure

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