Optical Effects of an Extended Electromagnetic Theory

A light beam of high photon density and spatially limited cross-section is analysed with respect to its boundary conditions and angular momentum (spin). For Maxwell's equationsin a vacuum state of vanishing electrical field divergence, the exact solutions are found not to be reconcilable with a beam having a limited cross-section and a nonzero spin. Transverse spatial beam derivatives only become possible as an approximation when their characteristic lengths are very large as compared to the relevant wavelengths, but even then there is no spin. A revised electromagnetic theory, based on a nonzero electric field divergence in the vacuum state, leads on the other hand to beam configurations for which there can exist strong transverse derivatives in a boundary region, as well as a nonzero spin. The Poynting vector then has components both in the axial direction of propagation and in the transverse direction along the boundary. The angular momentum, being imagined as an equivalent sum of momenta of the individual photons in the beam interior, is then replaced by a real spin generated and localized in the boundary layer.

Section: Basic Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Boundary conditions and spin of a dense light beam

Lehnert

2006

On the Minimum Elementary Charge of an Extended Electromagnetic Theory

Lehnert¹,

Scheffel²

2002

Screw-Shaped Light in Extended Electromagnetics

Lehnert

2005

The electrostatic self-focusing mechanism for electron streams is shown to be a stronger focusing process than previously realized in that most of the potential drop that obtains between the stream axis and the surrounding tube wall occurs in a rapid potential variation in and near the stream itself. Streams are self-focusing when the particles have transverse energy spreads less than a well defined value that depends on the stream particle energy and the choice of ambient gas. The stream diameter is inversely proportional to the current for low values of stream perveance, but is independent of the current for high values of this parameter. The average random energy of the ambient electrons is high in the stream vicinity as compared with values near the tube wall.x e ( r ) E &Eo + e&r)).