Optical efficiency of a PV–thermal hybrid CPC module for high latitudes

Brogren, Maria; Nostell, Per; Karlsson, Björn

doi:10.1016/s0038-092x(01)00066-4

Cited by 99 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This causes high local currents and cell temperatures, which result in power losses, also in low-concentrating (<5 Â ) systems with two-dimensional parabolic reflectors, as has been shown earlier. 6,7,14 Hence, in systems of this type the use of reflector materials with a diffuse component of the reflectance, which is scattered at low angles, may be favourable. A parabolic reflector with some low-angle scattering gives a smoother irradiance distribution on the PV cells, which results in higher fill factor and higher power output.…”

Section: Properties Of Reflector Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Equation (3) P reflector (s/m 2 ) is the specific cost of the reflector, opt is the optical efficiency of the concentrator, 14 P PV (s/m 2 ) is the specific cost of the PV module, and C g is given by Equation (2). The cost of the system is also influenced by other factors than just the cost of materials.…”

Section: System Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurements were performed at noon with the system in upright position, as in Figure 4 All outdoor measurements on the two different systems were performed on two consecutive days around the autumn equinox with clear sky conditions and an ambient temperature of [13][14][15][16][17] C. The total irradiance was continuously measured in the south-facing vertical plane with a small calibrated solar cell and measurement data were normalised to an irradiance of 1000 W/m 2 . The measured total irradiance was 900-1050 W/m 2 during all measurements.…”

Section: Measurements Of Short-circuit Currents and Electrical Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reflector materials for two-dimensional low-concentrating photovoltaic systems: the effect of specular versus diffuse reflectance on the module efficiency

Hall¹,

Roos²,

Karlsson³

2005

Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl.

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Photovoltaic modules in two-dimensional low-concentrating systems with specular parabolic reflectors often experience high local irradiance that causes high local currents and cell temperatures. This generally results in power losses. The use of lowangle scattering reflectors gives a smoother irradiance distribution, which results in a higher fill factor. In order to study how the choice of reflector material influences system performance, two different reflector materials (anodised aluminium and lacquered rolled aluminium laminated on a plastic substrate) were compared. The total and diffuse reflectance spectra of the reflector materials were measured, the integrated hemispherical and specular solar reflectance values calculated, and the angular distributions of scattered light investigated. Two geometrically identical 3Â concentrating photovoltaic systems with semi-parabolic over edge reflectors of the different materials were tested outdoors. While the anodised aluminium reflector, which had higher hemispherical and specular solar reflectance, resulted in a higher short-circuit current, the low-angle scattering lacquered foil gave a higher fill factor, due to a smoother image of the sun on the module surface, and an equally high calculated annual electricity production. Given its low price, the latter reflector should thus be more cost-effective in low-concentrating photovoltaic systems.

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Section: Properties Of Reflector Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: System Costmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurements Of Short-circuit Currents and Electrical Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reflector materials for two-dimensional low-concentrating photovoltaic systems: the effect of specular versus diffuse reflectance on the module efficiency

Hall¹,

Roos²,

Karlsson³

2005

Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl.

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“…The work described here has been predominantly motivated by the application of these metals in photovoltaic industry applications. For example these metals are used as reflectors in the optics used in Concentrator Photovoltaics (CPV) [1][2][3] . They are also used as electrical conductors in the monolithic interconnect processes for thin film photovoltaics (aSi, CdTe and CIGS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling evaporation, ion-beam assist, and magnetron sputtering of thin metal films over realistic time scales

et al. 2012

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A long time scale dynamics technique has been used to model the evaporation, ion-beam assist and magnetron sputtering of thin metal films over realistic time scales. Two fcc metals have been investigated; silver and aluminium. We illustrate how the technique can be used to model growth of these films over experimental time scales, while investigating individual growth mechanisms and surface diffusion events. Long time dynamics is achieved through an on-the-fly Kinetic Monte Carlo method, which determines diffusion pathways and barriers, in parallel, with no prior knowledge of the involved transitions. It was found that Ag has the ability to grow smooth surfaces, using several mechanisms including multiple atom concerted motion, exchange mechanisms and damage and repair systems. Ag {111} and {100} grew dense, complete and crystalline film when sputtering was simulated, whereas evaporation produced incomplete layers. The inclusion of Ar in the ionbeam assisted evaporation of Ag {111} aided growth by transferring more energy to the surface atoms allowing increased diffusion. Al {111} however shows slightly different patterns; growth via evaporation and magnetron sputtering shows only slight differences and the inclusion of the ionbeam assist actually damages the film beyond repair producing subsurface Ar clusters where Al atoms were displaced creating voids throughout the film. Al {100}, similar to Ag {100} grows denser and more complete film when grown via sputtering rather than evaporation. Results show that the energy of the deposition method used, plays a vital role in the resulting thin film and substrate quality.

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“…Garg et al [14] study the effect of plane booster reflectors on the performance of a solar air heater with solar cells suitable for a solar dryer. Brogren et al [15] gave results from a water-cooled PV/thermal system with 4X CPC reflectors that presents yearly electric output increase by 20%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Physical Characteristics οf Flat Aluminum Concentrators on Energy Efficiency of PV/Thermal Collector

2009

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In this paper the results of the influence of physical characteristics of flat plate solar radiation concentrators made of Al sheet and Al foil on energy efficiency of PV/thermal collector are presented. The measurements results obtained by means of scanning electron microscope, reflectance and chemical composition of solar radiation concentrators are given. Optimal position of solar radiation concentrators and appropriate thermal and electrical energy of PV/thermal collector were determined. Total generated thermal and electrical energy during the day by PV/thermal collector with concentrators in optimal position are higher than the total generated thermal and electrical energy obtained by PV/thermal collector without concentrators.

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Optical efficiency of a PV–thermal hybrid CPC module for high latitudes

Cited by 99 publications

References 8 publications

Reflector materials for two-dimensional low-concentrating photovoltaic systems: the effect of specular versus diffuse reflectance on the module efficiency

Reflector materials for two-dimensional low-concentrating photovoltaic systems: the effect of specular versus diffuse reflectance on the module efficiency

Modeling evaporation, ion-beam assist, and magnetron sputtering of thin metal films over realistic time scales

Influence of Physical Characteristics οf Flat Aluminum Concentrators on Energy Efficiency of PV/Thermal Collector

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