Optical, electron and x-ray spectrometry in soil analysis

Methods for Speciation of Metals in Soils

“…Here the S K α (2.307 keV) and the Pb M α lines (2.393 keV) are within the energy resolution of the EDX detectors (approximately 0.15 keV), thus they are often difficult to separate or identify. This method has been used in petrology (Welton, 1984) and to study sediment and suspended trace metal contaminants in rivers, bays, and marine sites (Ramamoorthy and Massalski, 1978; Jedwab, 1979; Luther et al, 1980; Norrish et al, 1986), aquatic colloids (Leppard, 1992), sewage sludge and sludge‐amended soil, solid metal phases (Essington and Mattigod, 1985, 1991), airborne particulates and fly ash (Linton et al, 1976; Keyser et al, 1978; Farmer and Linton, 1984; Hansen et al, 1984), clay minerals (Beutelspacher and Van Der Marel, 1968; Jaynes and Bigham, 1986), Fe and Al sesquioxide coatings on mineral–soil particle surfaces (Hendershot and Lavkulich, 1983), humic matter (Tan, 1985), Pb (and other metals) in house and urban dusts (Linton et al, 1980; Hunt et al, 1992) and in soils (Smart and Tovey, 1982; Whalley, 1985; Bain et al, 1986; Mattigod et al, 1986; Rybicka et al, 1994; Yarlagadda et al, 1995; Adamo et al, 1996; Garcia‐Rizo et al, 1999; Welter et al, 1999), metals in solidified matrices (Neuwirth et al, 1989; McWhinney et al, 1990; Cocke et al, 1992; Roy et al, 1992; Cotter‐Howells and Caporn, 1996), ferric oxides (Landa and Gast, 1973), and as a tool to determine trace metals by electrodeposition (Chong et al, 1990). The technique is limited by low sensitivity with EDX, but can be improved by using wavelength dispersive X‐ray analysis (WDX).…”

Elemental Assessment Of momordica charantia by Dc Arc Optical Emission Spectroscopy

“…In this manner an analytical technique is a basic advance in the investigations on minor component examination for determining the therapeutic viability of vegetables and forbidding heavy metal toxicity. For the examinations of major and minor elements present in vegetable species, various procedures, for example, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasmaatomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), electrochemical methods, neutron activation analysis and total reflection Xray fluorescence are accessible (Bakare et al, 2010, Bain et al, 1986and Ocvirk et al, 2013. All these techniques require time consuming sample digestion prior to analysis of sample and are expensive.…”

Elemental Assessment Of momordica charantia by Dc Arc Optical Emission Spectroscopy

“…In this manner an analytical technique is a basic advance in the investigations on minor component examination for determining the therapeutic viability of vegetables and forbidding heavy metal toxicity. For the examinations of major and minor elements present in vegetable species, various procedures, for example, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasmaatomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), electrochemical methods, neutron activation analysis and total reflection Xray fluorescence are accessible (Bakare et al, 2010;Bain et al, 1986 andOcvirk et al, 2013). All these techniques require time consuming sample digestion prior to analysis of sample and are expensive.…”