Optical encryption based on iterative fractional Fourier transform

Zhang, Yan; Zheng, Cheng-Han; Tanno, Naohiro

doi:10.1016/s0030-4018(02)01113-6

Cited by 176 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…With T increases, the decryption procedure becomes sensitive to change of fractional orders and relative error also increases rapidly. When RE > 0.2 , the user failed to distinguish the decrypted image with the naked eye [24]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Image Retrieval Algorithm Based On Discrete Fractional Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the fraction is zero, we get the cosine modulated version of the input signal [24]. When it is unity, we get the conventional DCT.…”

Section: Discrete Fractional Cosine Transformmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In case of T = 4, and deviation in fractional order 0.004, the total possible number of searches will be around 3.9 × 10 21 [24], this is an extremely large number for an unauthorized person who tries to access the encrypted image. In our simulations, the original image is divided into 1024 subsections.…”

Section: Image Retrieval Algorithm Based On Discrete Fractional Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our simulations, the original image is divided into 1024 subsections. The security strength of iterative discrete fractional transforms encryption without scrambling will be 15.6 × 10 21 × 2 256×256×4 , [24]. After introducing scrambling operation, the security strength of proposed method will be 15.6 × 10 21 × 2 256×256×4 × (1024!)…”

Section: Image Retrieval Algorithm Based On Discrete Fractional Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Image Retrieval Algorithm Based on Discrete Fractional Transforms

Jindal¹,

Singh²

2013

Journal of Electrical Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The discrete fractional transforms is a signal processing tool which suggests computational algorithms and solutions to various sophisticated applications. In this paper, a new technique to retrieve the encrypted and scrambled image based on discrete fractional transforms has been proposed. Two-dimensional image was encrypted using discrete fractional transforms with three fractional orders and two random phase masks placed in the two intermediate planes. The significant feature of discrete fractional transforms benefits from its extra degree of freedom that is provided by its fractional orders. Security strength was enhanced (1024!) 4 times by scrambling the encrypted image. In decryption process, image retrieval is sensitive for both correct fractional order keys and scrambling algorithm. The proposed approach make the brute force attack infeasible. Mean square error and relative error are the recital parameters to verify validity of proposed method.

show abstract

Section: Image Retrieval Algorithm Based On Discrete Fractional Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the fraction is zero, we get the cosine modulated version of the input signal [24]. When it is unity, we get the conventional DCT.…”

Section: Discrete Fractional Cosine Transformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Image Retrieval Algorithm Based On Discrete Fractional Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Image Retrieval Algorithm Based On Discrete Fractional Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Image Retrieval Algorithm Based on Discrete Fractional Transforms

Jindal¹,

Singh²

2013

Journal of Electrical Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Various other linear optical systems have also been proposed in similar encryption architectures [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. For example, the fractional Fourier transform has been utilized in encryption algorithms in conjunction with random phase keys [8][9][10][11][12] and by randomly shifting sections of the image in some fractional domain [13,14]. The Fresnel transform has also been used with random phase keys [15][16][17][18] and with random shifting applied in some Fresnel domain [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing secure modes of operation for optical encryption

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We analyze optical encryption systems using the techniques of conventional cryptography. All conventional block encryption algorithms are vulnerable to attack, and often they employ secure modes of operation as one way to increase security. We introduce the concept of conventional secure modes to optical encryption and analyze the results in the context of known conventional and optical attacks. We consider only the optical system "double random phase encoding," which forms the basis for a large number of optical encryption, watermarking, and multiplexing systems. We consider all attacks proposed to date in one particular scenario. We analyze only the mathematical algorithms themselves and do not consider the additional security that arises from employing these algorithms in physical optical systems.

show abstract