“…An optical fiber was originally developed to guide light waves along the core, which is surrounded by a cladding layer through the total internal reflection at the interface with negligible loss. Over the last few decades, optical fibers have been extensively investigated for biosensing applications, with the intrinsic advantages including flexibility, low-cost, small size, and biocompatibility [ 39 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. To be developed as a biosensor, the structure of optical fiber has modified to maximize the interaction of light with target analytes and increase the sensitivity [ 66 ].…”