Optical Fiber Sensors for the Detection of Hydrochloric Acid and Sea Water in Epoxy and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites

Bellot, Cristian Marro; Sangermano, Marco; Olivero, Massimo; Salvo, Milena

doi:10.3390/ma12030379

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The shape of the spectra did not show any change, whereas it showed a sharp decrement in the maximum intensity signal at 1532 nm (the maximum intensity signal provided by the source) which was attributed to moisture diffusion. As a consequence of this moisture diffusion, the spectral attenuation could be determined by the change in the optical properties of the epoxy surrounding the core of the fibre, as already discussed in [7,24,30,33]. Figure 7a shows the signal intensities at 1532 nm recorded from the five OFSs embedded in the H-GFRP.…”

Section: Gfrp With Embedded Ofss and Cntsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The H-GFRP was fabricated using a custom mould with inner dimensions of 50 mm × 80 mm × 110 mm. It was possible to calculate approximately the water diffusion distance, from the epoxy surface to fibres 1, 2, 4 and 5 in Figure 2, with Fick's law, (Equation (4)), [30] and using the water diffusion coefficient in the epoxy measured in [21,30].…”

Section: Gfrp Samples Containing Spray Coated Cnts With Embedded Ofssmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diffusion coefficients were calculated using Equation(2). The presence of CNTs reduced the diffusion rates (5.4 ± 0.3 × 10 −12 m 2 /s and 4.0 ± 0.1 × 10 −12 m 2 /s , respectively for Epoxy05 and GFRP05) compared to pure epoxy and GFRP samples (8.8 ± 0.4 × 10 −12 m 2 /s[21] and 4.9 ± 0.1 × 10 −12 m 2 /s[30], respectively). The decrease in diffusion rate is smaller in the case of GFRPs samples than epoxy samples, as expected because the CNTs are locally deposited instead of dispersed through the matrix, as well as the presence of the glass fibre phase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dual In-Situ Water Diffusion Monitoring of GFRPs based on Optical Fibres and CNTs

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GRFP) composites are increasingly being used as new materials for civil and petrochemical engineering infrastructures, owing to the combination of relatively high specific strength and stiffness and cost-competitiveness over traditional materials. However, practical concerns remain on the environmental stability of these materials in harsh environments. For instance, diffusion of salty water through the composites can trigger degradation and ageing. For this reason, a continuous monitoring of the integrity of GFRP composites is required. GRFPs health monitoring solutions, being non-destructive, in-situ, real-time, highly reliable and remotely controllable, are as desirable as challenging. Herein we develop and compare two methods for real-time monitoring of GRFP: one based on the electrical sensing signals of percolated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) networks and the other on optical fibre sensors (OFSs). As a proof-of-concept of dual sensory system, both sensors were used in combination to detect the diffusion of water through the composite. Measurements demonstrated that both CNTs and OFSs were able to detect water diffusion through the epoxy matrix successfully, with an on-off sensing behaviour. OFSs exhibit some advantages since they do not require electrical supply as required in hazardous environments and are more suitable for remote operation, which make them attractive for new developments in harsh-environment sensing. On the other hand, CNTs can be easily embedded in the composite without compromising its performance (e.g., mechanical properties) and are easily interrogated by measurement of electrical conductance, therefore could be used as spot sensors in the most failure-prone sections of GFRP components. This study opens up the possibility for an early detection of composites degradation, which could prevent failures in GFRP structures such as pipelines and storage tanks used in the oil and gas industry.

show abstract

Section: Gfrp With Embedded Ofss and Cntsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Gfrp Samples Containing Spray Coated Cnts With Embedded Ofssmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dual In-Situ Water Diffusion Monitoring of GFRPs based on Optical Fibres and CNTs

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In order to overcome adhesion issues, studies on the fatigue behavior of epoxy resins reinforced with fibers have become more prevalent. The inherent viscous characteristics of the resin at room temperature allow working on complex geometries with good adhesion between the parts [13][14][15]. Epoxy resins currently stand out among the thermosets due to their performance and high applicability, as in fiber reinforced materials [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue and Failure Analysis of Sandwich Composites using Two Types of Cross-Ply Glass Fibers Laminates and Epoxy Resin

Cheloni

Silveira²,

Lopes³

et al. 2022

J. Res. Updates Polym. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sandwich structures have become effective structural elements for engineering applications due to their good design flexibility. Understanding the material behavior under static and dynamic loads, as well as the failure mechanisms of these sandwich structures, is of great importance. This work evaluates the fatigue and static bending behavior of epoxy resin specimens and sandwich composites composed of an epoxy resin core with glass fiber laminated faces. The fatigue life, failure modes, and stiffness degradation of these specimens are determined experimentally. The specimens were cycled under constant amplitude and monitored by a data acquisition system that allowed continuous data collection. Three stages of failure were identified using microscope analyses and stiffness degradation curves. In the case of an imposed displacement of 2 mm, the sandwich structures were shown to have a significantly lower fatigue life than the epoxy resin specimens.

show abstract

Quantification of Swelling Stress Induced Mechanical Property Reduction of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Composites Immersed in Aqueous 10% Sulphuric Acid by Instrumenting with Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Optical Fiber Sensors for the Detection of Hydrochloric Acid and Sea Water in Epoxy and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Dual In-Situ Water Diffusion Monitoring of GFRPs based on Optical Fibres and CNTs

Dual In-Situ Water Diffusion Monitoring of GFRPs based on Optical Fibres and CNTs

Fatigue and Failure Analysis of Sandwich Composites using Two Types of Cross-Ply Glass Fibers Laminates and Epoxy Resin

Quantification of Swelling Stress Induced Mechanical Property Reduction of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Composites Immersed in Aqueous 10% Sulphuric Acid by Instrumenting with Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About