Optical field emission from resonant gold nanorods driven by femtosecond mid-infrared pulses

Kusa, Fumiya; Echternkamp, K. E.; Herink, Georg; Ropers, Claus; Ashihara, Satoshi

doi:10.1063/1.4927151

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Metal nanostructures, such as nanotips, nanowires, nanospheres, nanorods, nanotriangles, nanostars, and composite bow‐tie and nanorod antennae,[36,45b,53,62] are of particular interest for OFE experiments due to their relatively simple electronic structures and strong plasmonic near‐field enhancement. Many novel electron dynamics phenomena have been discovered during the investigation of OFE from metallic tips in this way.…”

Section: State‐of‐the‐art Ultrafast Field‐emission Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Field‐Emission Electron Sources Based on Nanomaterials

et al. 2019

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The search for electron sources with simultaneous optimal spatial and temporal resolution has become an area of intense activity for a wide variety of applications in the emerging fields of lightwave electronics and attosecond science. Most recently, increasing efforts are focused on the investigation of ultrafast field-emission phenomena of nanomaterials, which not only are fascinating from a fundamental scientific point of view, but also are of interest for a range of potential applications. Here, the current state-of-the-art in ultrafast field-emission, particularly sub-optical-cycle field emission, based on various nanostructures (e.g., metallic nanotips, carbon nanotubes) is reviewed. A number of promising nanomaterials and possible future research directions are also established.

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Section: State‐of‐the‐art Ultrafast Field‐emission Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Field‐Emission Electron Sources Based on Nanomaterials

et al. 2019

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“…investigations with metallic nanoparticles have shown similar extracted field enhancements 12,13,17,18 and peak fields 9,12,13 , and these high peak fields could lead to nanoparticle damage via electromigration or field evaporation 17,31 . However, over 10 min of continuous illumination, we observe current fluctuations of only ≈2%, and subsequent inspection of the emitters reveals minimal damage.…”

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confidence: 92%

“…When a laser pulse illuminates a metallic nanoparticle, the incident field can resonantly drive collective oscillations of the particle's conduction electrons 23,24 . These localized surface plasmon resonances yield dramatically enhanced local fields, and similar to nanotips, metallic nanoparticles have shown strong-field behaviours in their photoemission currents and energy spectra 9,12,13,[16][17][18] . Here, we report the first measurements of CEP-sensitive, strongfield photoemission from metallic nanoparticles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, when an intense laser pulse interacts with an atomic gas, individual cycles of the incident electric field ionize gas atoms and steer the resulting attosecond-duration electrical wavepackets 1,2 . Such field-controlled light-matter interactions form the basis of attosecond science and have recently expanded from gases to solid-state nanostructures [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . Here, we extend these field-controlled interactions to metallic nanoparticles supporting localized surface plasmon resonances.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optical-field-controlled photoemission from plasmonic nanoparticles

et al. 2016

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At high intensities, light-matter interactions are controlled by the electric field of the exciting light. For instance, when an intense laser pulse interacts with an atomic gas, individual cycles of the incident electric field ionize gas atoms and steer the resulting attosecond-duration electrical wavepackets 1,2 . Such field-controlled light-matter interactions form the basis of attosecond science and have recently expanded from gases to solid-state nanostructures [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . Here, we extend these field-controlled interactions to metallic nanoparticles supporting localized surface plasmon resonances. We demonstrate strong-field, carrier-envelope-phase-sensitive photoemission from arrays of tailored metallic nanoparticles, and we show the influence of the nanoparticle geometry and the plasmon resonance on the phase-sensitive response. Additionally, from a technological standpoint, we push strong-field light-matter interactions to the chip scale. We integrate our plasmonic nanoparticles and experimental geometry in compact, microoptoelectronic devices that operate out of vacuum and under ambient conditions.Moving from low to high optical intensity, photoemission goes from photon-driven to field-controlled. Consider illuminating a metallic surface with an infrared femtosecond laser pulse with electric field F(t) = F 0 A(t) cos(ωt + ϕ), where F 0 is the peak field, A(t) is the normalized pulse envelope, ω is the carrier frequency, and ϕ is the carrier-envelope phase (CEP). When the pulse interacts with the metallic surface, electrons are excited out of the metal and into the surrounding vacuum. At typical incident intensities, this photoemission process is photon-driven: emission is dictated by the pulse's photon energy, that is, ω, and photon flux, that is, the pulse's intensity envelope ∝ |F 0 A(t)| 2 . At high intensities, this photoemission process resembles field-controlled tunnelling. The strong electric field of the pulse deflects the binding potential of the metallic surface and drives electron tunnelling through the distorted barrier. This tunnelling occurs over a timescale τ t = √ 2mW F /eF 0 , where W F is the workfunction of the surface, m is the electron mass, and e is its charge 19,20 . With sufficiently strong F 0 , τ t becomes shorter than the characteristic cycle time of the exciting laser light (τ t < τ cyc = 1/ω), and individual cycles of the driving electric field eject subcycle electrical bursts from the metal and steer these ultrafast currents through the surrounding vacuum 6,8 ; in this strongfield regime, photoemission is controlled by the driving optical electric field and, accordingly, by the CEP, ϕ.In recent years, metallic nanotips have emerged as platforms to non-destructively investigate photoemission in the strong-field regime. When a nanotip is illuminated by a femtosecond laser pulse, the incident field is locally enhanced at the apex of the tip. Due primarily to the tip's sharp geometry, the field enhancement is typically <10, and th...

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“…This field dynamically modulates the surface potential barrier, and if sufficiently strong (on the order of 10 GV/m or greater), the field can pull the barrier down so far as to enable a significant number of electrons to tunnel from the gold nanoantenna into the surrounding air or vacuum before it reverses polarity. In this optical-field photoemission regime, the electron emission follows a quasi-static tunneling rate 1,8,[18][19][20] . In Figs.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiresonant-like behavior in carrier-envelope-phase-sensitive sub-optical-cycle photoemission from plasmonic nanoantennas

et al. 2019

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Optical-field-driven photoemission occurs when the electric field of an optical pulse bends the potential barrier of a material surface such that electron tunneling occurs before the field reverses polarity. At the surface of nanoscale structures, such as ultra-sharp nanoscale tips or metallic nanoantennas, the electric fields of ultrafast optical pulses are strongly enhanced. These enhanced fields can drive optical-field photoemission (i.e. optical-tunneling) and thereby generate and control electrical currents at frequencies exceeding 100 THz 1-11 . A hallmark of such optical-field photoemission is sensitivity of the total emitted current to the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the driving optical pulse, and this CEP-sensitivity has been studied using both atomic and solid-state systems 1-3,7,11-17 . Given the quasi-static nature of optical-field emission and the nontrivial dependence of the emission rate on the instantaneous electric field strength, the CEP-sensitive component of the emitted photocurrent is highly sensitive to the energy of the optical pulse, and should carry information about the underlying sub-cycle dynamics of electron emission. Here we examine CEP-sensitive photoemission from plasmonic gold nanoantennas excited with few-cycle optical pulses of increasing energy. We observe antiresonance-like features in the CEP-sensitive photocurrent; specifically, at a critical pulse energy, we observe a sharp dip in the magnitude of the CEP-sensitive photocurrent accompanied by a sudden shift of -radians in the phase of the

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Optical field emission from resonant gold nanorods driven by femtosecond mid-infrared pulses

Abstract: Internal quantum efficiency enhancement of GaInN/GaN quantum-well structures using Ag nanoparticles AIP Advances 5, 097169 (2015)

Cited by 39 publications

References 42 publications

Ultrafast Field‐Emission Electron Sources Based on Nanomaterials

Ultrafast Field‐Emission Electron Sources Based on Nanomaterials

Optical-field-controlled photoemission from plasmonic nanoparticles

Antiresonant-like behavior in carrier-envelope-phase-sensitive sub-optical-cycle photoemission from plasmonic nanoantennas

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